2014年6月21日托福综合写作预测及范文赏析

托福综合写作预测一

阅读：某个地方的洞穴Erdstall可能有三种用途

【1】储存牲口或粮食

【2】当shelter，躲避强盗attack

【3】宗教用途。灵魂等候区（为死去的人提供场所，让他们等待超生）

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听力里驳斥：

【1】洞会漏雨水，储存食物不方便。在冬天Erdstall都被淹没了，而且也没发现里面有谷类残留

【2】Erdstall太小了，只能勉强装下一家人。而且存氧气很少，只够一个人的量。另外，只有一个入口，不太可能像为了逃跑设计的。

【3】宗教用途如果是的话，应该所有有共同宗教信仰的村子都有，但是有的村子有，有的村子没有。

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范文：The reading passage proposes three hypotheses regarding the functions of the Erdstall, a narrow, underground structure built in [ name of place mentioned in the reading ]. However, the lecture points to the weakness of the three hypotheses.

First, the Erdstall could have been used to keep livestock or to store food. However, the lecturer argues that the Erdstall is not rainwater-proof. Particularly in the winter, the Erdstall could have been flooded. So it is not an ideal place to store food. Furthermore, no traces of grain have been found in the Erdstall. Therefore, the storage hypothesis is unlikely.

Second, the Erdstall could be a shelter against attack or burglary. This is also not possible in the lecturer’s opinion, because, as he argues, the Erdstall is so small that it could barely accommodate one family, and the oxygen inside the Erdstall is sufficient to sustain only one person. Another obvious weakness of this hypothesis is that the Erdstall has only one entry point and does not have an exit, making it unlikely to serve as an escape route.

Finally, it is theorized that the Erdstall could have religious functions, serving as a chamber of soul for the deceased. Yet if this were true, according to the lecture, the Erdstall should have been found in every village across the whole region which shares the same religion. The fact, however, is that the Erdstall is only present in some, not all, of the villages. So the religion hypothesis is unconvincing, either.

关键词：预测 托福综合写作 6月21日 机经

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托福综合写作预测二

阅读部分：

阅读材料说了防止Asian carp进入Great Lakes 的三种

方案

【1】 construct walls in Great Lakes

【2】利用electrical charged device to eliminate Asian carp.

【3】 two-step measure. First, 通过toxic chemicals 把所有的鱼毒死。Second, 再引进native species.

听力反驳：

【1】这个对shipping有影响，cargo 要从一个船reload到另一个船上，增加了cost.

【2】这样无法覆盖全面，carp可以游到other side 从而进入lake

【3】这种做法unpredictable，dangerous. 而且利用toxic hemical 之后可能会导致whole ecosystem发生变化，不利于鱼类生长。

范文：暂无

关键词：预测 托福综合写作 6月21日 机经

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托福综合写作预测三

阅读：鲱鱼是一种经济鱼类，然而现在,在某个bay，鲱鱼的数量大大下降，政府建议说应该限制鲱鱼的捕捞。文章反驳说这种说法达不到效果，原因有三：

【1】政府没有考虑到鲱鱼的predator，有一种鱼吃掉了很大数量的鲱鱼，这才是鲱鱼数量下降的主要原因，所以应该控制鲱鱼的捕食者的数量。

【2】鲱鱼是livestock和poultry的主要蛋白质来源，如果限制了捕捞，那么很多farm就得不到蛋白质来源，从而受到影响。

【3】fishing limit还会减少很多就业岗位，很多鲱鱼的捕捞者，加工者和交易商会因为鲱鱼产业的萧条而失去工作，这个产业提供了本地区的大多数就业机会，整个地区的经济会因此受到影响。

听力里驳斥：

【1】鲱鱼的predator是part of the whole ecosystem，它的存在使很多其他种类的鱼的数量under control。所以更好的做法还是限制捕捞，不要disturb the balance of environment

【2】作为蛋白质来源，鲱鱼可以被soybean所替代。因为大豆对于livestock 和poultry来说也是很好的蛋白质来源并且大豆供给充足。 Farm根本不会受限制捕捞的影响。

【3】文中说经济会受影响真是目光短浅。 这种fishing limit只是temporary的，目的只是为了让鲱鱼数量回到正常水平，一旦回到了正常水平，渔业又可以繁荣发展起来。如果现在不限制捕捞，以后整个经济才会真正的collapse。

范文：The population of the menhaden in the Chesapeake Bay has been declining due to overfishing, so the government has called for a ban on menhaden fishing in the area. The author of the passage is concerned that such a ban may not be the right solution, while the lecturer gives the opposite opinion, arguing that the ban is necessary and justified.

First, the reading points to the fact that the real cause of the decline in the menhaden population is not fishing, but the striped bass, a major predator of the menhaden, so rather than limiting menhaden fishing, we should reduce the population of the striped bass. However, the lecture argues that the striped bass serve as an important link in the eco-system, keeping the population of many fish species under control. We should avoid disturbing the natural balance of the ecosystem, so the best solution is still a ban on menhaden fishing.

Second, the reading suggests that the menhaden are an important source of protein for livestock and poultry. Placing a ban on menhaden fishing would negatively affect nearby farms. The lecturer, however, states that the menhaden can be replaced by soybean, which is also a very effective source of protein for livestock and poultry. Therefore, banning fishing in the Chesapeake Bay would not create any shortage of proteins necessary for farms in the nearby areas.

Finally, the author of the passage is worried that limiting menhaden fishing would lead to the loss of job opportunities for fishermen, dealers and in the processing industries, which would hamper the local economy. From the lecture, however, we learn that the ban on menhaden fishing is only a temporary policy. Once the population of the menhaden returns to normal, the ban will be lifted and fishing and other related industries will grow healthily again. On the other hand, if overfishing is not stopped, it would result in a total collapse of the local economy sooner or later.

关键词：预测 托福综合写作 6月21日 机经

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托福综合写作预测四

阅读文章：在Rhone river 的河底，考古学家发现了一个bust（就是一种头部雕塑），人们认为这个bust是Julius Caesar的。有几个理由：

【1】style of the sculpture: 头像的艺术风格正好是Caesar的那个年代的，叫“realist style”

【2】resemblance to Caesar’s other portraits : Caesar年代的silver coin上有他的头像，和考古发现的这个bust非常相似，特别是头发

【3】location of the bust found: Caser后来被推翻，所以民众不敢在新的国王统治下还保留Caesar的头像，所以就扔河里了，很说得通。

听力部分反驳

【1】style of the sculpture: 头像的艺术风格正好是Caesar的那个年代的，叫“realist style”

【2】resemblance to Caesar’s other portraits：Caesar年代的silver coin上有他的头像，和考古发现的这个bust非常相似，特别是头发

【3】location of the bust found：Caser后来被推翻(overthrow)，所以民众不敢在新的国王统治下还保留Caesar的头像，所以就扔河里了，很说得通。

范文：The lecture and the reading passage both talk about a life-size marble bust, found during an archaeological excavation and retrieved from the bed of the river Rhone. While the author of the passage attributes this bust to Julius Caesar, the lecturer refutes each of the arguments presented in the reading.

First, the style of the portrait could not be used as evidence to show that this bust was that of Julius Caesar. Although the bust was made in a style very popular during Caesar’s time, this style continued to be popular many years after Caesar died. Therefore, this bust could very well have been made in a much later time for someone other than Caesar.

Second, the similarities between the bust and the portrait of Caesar on silver coins were rather limited to the hair only. In other features such as the neck and the nose, there are many obvious differences. If the bust was Caesar’s, then it should have looked the same in all features to other portraits of Caesar.

Finally, the location where the bust was found could not prove anything. Archaeological study also excavated other items from the same place including a sculpture for the God of Neptune. This indicates that people could have thrown things into the river because they have become useless rather than because of political reasons, as what the reading suggests.

关键词：预测 托福综合写作 6月21日 机经

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托福综合写作预测五

阅读部分：

讲congestion pricing。说为了缓解交通拥堵，想要在city中的某个区域收费，这样就能缓解一下。

【1】这样做可以improve time(主要就是说节省时间)

【2】可以改善环境improve that area's environment

【3】收的fee可以用于revenue。 the city 可以再修路，修桥什么的

听力反驳：

【1】这样做有些司机不愿意花钱走这个区域就得绕路，更浪费时间。举了个例子：送快递的，他们要省钱，所以送快递的时候会变长。

【2】在收费区里面环境可能会好点，但是周围的车相对就会增多，noise and air pollution就会多。所以不是整个city都能环境变好

【3】有的人不能afford这个费用了，就会去坐subway，政府就得出更多的钱维护subway，这样一来收的那点钱可能还不够维护的，所以也不能起到帮助修桥，修路什么的作用了。

范文：The policy of congestion pricing is enforced in some urban areas in order to alleviate traffic congestion. The reading passage explains the benefits of congestion pricing, while the lecture warns that this policy has a number of negative effects.

The reading suggests that congestion pricing reduces traffic so drivers can reach their destination in less time. However, the lecturer contends that not all people will find it time-saving. Some drivers will go round the pricing zone in order to avoid congestion surcharges. For example, delivery drivers will take a longer route to avoid this additional cost, so the delivery time is increased.

The second benefit mentioned in the reading is that congestion pricing improves urban environment. However, the lecturer points out that this may be true for areas within the charging zone because there is less traffic there. But in the surrounding areas, pollution and noise may become worse as a result of increased level of traffic that moves to those areas.

Finally, according to the reading, congestion charges are a source of city revenue which can be used by the government to improve public facilities such as roads and bridges. Yet the lecturer argues that this policy will lead some people to switch from driving to using public transportation such as the subway. This will entail an additional cost for subway maintenance, which may evenexceed the revenue from congestion pricing. Therefore the policy will not help improve roads and bridges.

关键词：预测 托福综合写作 6月21日 机经

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