教师解读托福阅读考试新题型

新托福考试OG列出了阅读的10种题型：

1. Factual information questions (纯粹细节)

2. Negative factual information questions (否定细节)

3. Inference questions (推理题)

4. Rhetorical purpose questions (修辞目的题)

5. Vocabulary questions (词汇题)

6. Reference questions (指代题)

7. Sentence simplification questions (句子简化题)

8. Insert text question (句子插入题)

9. Prose summary (内容摘要题)

10. Fill in a table (表格归类题)

但实际上，新托福考试阅读当中还考了一些OG中没列举出来的题目：

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一、段间关系概括题：这种题目要求考生概括出2个自然段间的逻辑关系。比如说《THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION》这篇文章的第6题。

6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph2 and Paragraph3?

·Paragraph2 puts forward several scientific claims, one of which is rejected in Paragraph3

·Paragraph2 poses several questions, and Paragraph3 offers a possible answer to one of them

·Paragraph2 presents outdated traditional views, while Paragraph3 presents the current scientific conclusions.

 ·Paragraph2 introduces a generalization that is illustrated by specific examples in Paragraph3

二、修辞手法题：这种题目是修辞目的的变体。OG中大多数题目只考察一个词组的修辞目的，而实际考试会对一句话甚至整段话的修辞目的进行考察。一个是考修辞对象，一个是考修辞的手段。比如说，《Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction》这篇文章第2题：

2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?

·To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record

·To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous

·To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous

·To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster

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三、段落结构题：这里题目考查的是文章段落的构架，可以算是新题型。比如：《THE ORIGINS OF THEATER》这篇文章的第9题

9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?

·The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.

·The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.

·The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.

·The author points out problems with two popular theories.

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