托福语法之冠词小集锦
导语:
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托福语法学习托福冠词托福备考资料
一、基本规律 (Basic rules)
1. Indefinite article (不定冠词) 我们用 "a , an "当我们不知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个: * is one of many. ( 是许多个中的一个) He is an artist.(=there are many artists) * is not unique. (不是唯一的) I have just bought a book * has not been mentioned before. (之前没有提到过) There was a new student in class today.
2. Definite article (定冠词) 我们用 "the "当我们知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个: * is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的) The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one) I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case) * has been mentioned before. (之前提到过) The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single. * is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下来的短语详细说明) What is the new student's name?
3. No articles (无冠词) 我们不用冠词当我们普遍地提及事物的时候: * using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用复数或不可数名词时) Do you like sport? * with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的时候不用冠词,但是地名有许多例外,下文一一介绍) He is Professor Jones
4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短语) 有许多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠词,我们应该来单独学习,他们包括: a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day the same
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二、经常发生问题的区域 (Areas that often cause problems)
1. Jobs (工作) 如果有许多人做这个工作我们用 a 或 an.: My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects) 但是如果一个工作特别对应一个人,我们就要用“the”了: He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部长). (=there is only one)
2. Superlative (最高级) 我们使用“the”在形容词最高级前面: She is the best person for the job.
3. Last and next 有一些形容词如 “last” 和 “next ”同时可以用也可以不用定冠词“the”但是句意会发生变化 I saw James last night. (=the one before this one) It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one) I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)
4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital 和以上机构连用时我们不用定冠词“the” My sister had to stay in hospital overnight. 然而,如果我们指的是这个建筑,我们就要用“the” Our flat is opposite the hospital.
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