托福语法之冠词的用法小集锦

一 基本规律 (Basic rules)

1. Indefinite article (不定冠词)  我们用 "a , an "当我们不知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个：

* is one of many. ( 是许多个中的一个) 　　

He is an artist.(=there are many artists) 　　

* is not unique. (不是唯一的) 　　

I have just bought a book 　　

* has not been mentioned before. (之前没有提到过) 　　

There was a new student in class today.

2. Definite article (定冠词) 我们用 "the "当我们知道他是诸多人或事中的哪一个： 　　

* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的) 　　

The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one) 　　

I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case) 　　

* has been mentioned before. (之前提到过) 　　

The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single. 　　

* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下来的短语详细说明) 　　

What is the new student's name?

3. No articles (无冠词) 　　

我们不用冠词当我们普遍地提及事物的时候： 　　

* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用复数或不可数名词时) 　　

Do you like sport? 　　

* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的时候不用冠词，但是地名有许多例外，下文一一介绍) 　　

He is Professor Jones

4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短语) 　　

有许多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠词，我们应该来单独学习，他们包括： 　　

a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed 　　

go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week 　　

sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day the same

二 经常发生问题的区域 (Areas that often cause problems)

1. Jobs (工作)  如果有许多人做这个工作我们用 a 或 an.：My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects) 　　但是如果一个工作特别对应一个人，我们就要用“the”了：He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部长). (=there is only one)

2. Superlative (最高级)  我们使用“the”在形容词最高级前面：She is the best person for the job.

3. Last and next 　　有一些形容词如 “last” 和 “next ”同时可以用也可以不用定冠词“the”但是句意会发生变化，I saw James last night. (=the one before this one) ， It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one) ， I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)

4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital   和以上机构连用时我们不用定冠词“the”，My sister had to stay in hospital overnight. 然而，如果我们指的是这个建筑，我们就要用“the” ，Our flat is opposite the hospital.

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