托福阅读技巧：实例解析抓准关键词的秘诀

很多托友反映，托福阅读的一大难点就是时间紧张。想要快速读懂托福阅读文章，必须学会掌握一定的托福阅读技巧。据统计显示，只要掌握60%的文章内容，就可以答对文章的题目。托福阅读的文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。要读懂一个段落，我们只需要抓住几个关键词而已。那么，如何巧抓关键词，合理地运用托福阅读技巧，在快速阅读中提高托福阅读的准确率呢？

其实，抓准关键词的托福阅读技巧，归纳起来也就两个要点：一是看逻辑信号词；二是读句子时一定牢记只看主干！下面我们就以托福tpo25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping为例，分托福阅读文章和托福阅读题目选项两个方面，具体来说说如何运用托福阅读技巧快速抓准关键词。

托福阅读技巧一、如何抓准托福阅读文章里的关键词

托福tpo25-2 真题：The Decline of Venetian Shipping
　　Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased supply.

托福阅读技巧解析1：以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了，在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first， but， this… 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。

托福阅读技巧解析2：First，这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. 我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’s functions were lost， 核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题decline. 接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. 这句话中有冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. 这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem. 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problem—not serious —greater problem.

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托福阅读技巧二、如何抓准托福阅读题目和选项里的关键词

刚才我们讲了托福阅读文章部分如何运用托福阅读技巧抓住关键词，其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些托福阅读题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要运用托福阅读技巧，抓住关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是托福阅读技巧快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福tpo25为例：
　　托福tpo25-1 The Surface of Mars
　　Paragraph 5 As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。
　　According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?
　　A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。
　　B. The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。
　　C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。
　　D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be older than they actually are。

托福阅读技巧解析：划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比较，C中的否定词not和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择B，而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

托福阅读技巧总结：以上就是如何抓准关键词的托福阅读技巧。托福阅读里的关键词，简单地讲分为定位关键词和判断关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了，不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包括否定词，比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的选项可以迅速被排除。托福阅读考试中，不管是文章还是题目都可以活用这种托福阅读技巧，巧抓关键词。经过上面的介绍，同学们应该都了解这种方法了吧！了解只是第一步，关键还是要会运用，同学们在进行托福备考时要做大量的关键词练习。熟能生巧，在考试时就可以快速找到句子的主干，理解文章选对题目。

关键词：托福阅读技巧 托福阅读 关键词 托福tpo

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