托福阅读句子简化：巧解多重逻辑关系

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

通过快速阅读，我们不难发现， 该长那句中有3个明显的逻辑词：in order for, because, even while.此时不少同学就有疑惑，句子改写是是否要保留所有的逻辑关联词。如果是，我们不妨来观察一下4个选项：　　

• Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.
　　• Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.　　
　　• When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.
　　• Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.

第一个选项内，无逻辑关键词；第二个选项内， 有in order to 和 but 两个逻辑关联词； 第三个选项内，有when 和because两个逻辑关联词； 第四个选项内，有unlike 和 because两个逻辑关联词。我们不难发现没有一个选项包含了原句中得3个逻辑关联词，那么问题来了哪些逻辑关联词必须保留，哪些又可以舍去？

我们需要清楚句子简化，句子的中心或主要意思必须要保留的，在主从复合句中，主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。因此，我们在处理句子多重逻辑关系时，必须要保留的就是主句中体现出来的逻辑关系，从句中的逻辑关系可以省略。

所以，在这道题目中，改写句子中必须体现 because 和 even while，即因果关系和转折让步关系。 基于此，也只有第四个选项完整体现了主句的逻辑关系。而此题的正确答案也正是第四个选项。从这个小例子可以看出，准确把握住句子的逻辑关系，可以快速攻破句简题。

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