雅思写作五类论证方法详解

一、举例说明

关联词：for example, for instance, take… as an example, such as, including

Eg1.
　　列题：Some people think that animals should be treated as friends. Yet others only consider animals are only sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
　　MB2: for thousands of years, many animals have given loyal service to humans. Pigeons convey messages in wartime, and dogs help to detect crime. Even pigs, which many people think are the most stupid animals, are used in the battle against drugs. There is no doubt that our lives would be far less convenient without a little help from our animal friends.

Eg2.
　　The advertisements on TV, newspapers and other kinds of media may confuse consumers and make them rush to purchase products which they don’t really need. Take the cell phone for example. Its functions and practical use are often exaggerated in advertisement. What’s more, the advertisement even create a fashionable atmosphere for cell phones which appeals to young people to change their phones continuously while ignoring the basic service of cell phones is just to make a phone call.

很多考生喜欢以自己或者自己的朋友、国家为例，这样的例子是过于片面的，没有典型性与普遍性。所以，可以把自己的家庭扩大到一类家庭，把自己的国家扩大到一类国家，这样才具备足够的说服力。一个论点的例子应控制在一句话左右，有时甚至只需一个名词短语就可以完成。

 二、解释说明

关联词：it means, that is to say, in other words, to put it another way
　　可以使用定语从句：Eg1. I believe the traditional family, with both parents providing emotional support and role-models for their children, is the most satisfactory way of bringing up children.

三、因果论证

因果论证是最能体现学生逻辑思维能力的一种写作手法，而且也是中国考生平时接触最多、运用最多的一种。因此，如果学生能够准确运用，会帮文章加分不少。

1. 常见表达方式

A. 运用词汇（词组）
　　因为：because, since, as +句子（连词）
        due to, owing to, because of ,thanks to , as a result of +词组（介词）
　　所以：therefore, hence, thus, as a result, consequently+句子（词组）

B. 简单句型---从句的使用
　　句型： The reason why … is that …
       　　　　The main factor toward this is that...

2. 使用注意事项

主观与客观相结合：内外因结合，例如青少年犯罪率的问题：外因（例如网络暴力的影响，缺乏父母的关爱甚至是遭受体罚等）；内因（例如青少年本身不是特别成熟，很容易被误导，而且还有很强的好奇心和模仿力，加之没有足够的法律知识，所以可能在还没有思考足够的情况下，做一些违反法律的事情）。

3. 范例评析

Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals, then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy. Of course, factor such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too.

四、让步论证法

让步论证法是中国考生较为陌生的一个概念。其实，在中学的时候学习状语从句，我们就学过让步的关系，先退一步承认一个与自己观点相反的事实，再转折给出自己的观点，否定前者。

1. 常见表达方式

A. 运用词汇（词组）
　　尽管：in spite of this, despite this
　　但是：however, nonetheless, nevertheless

B. 简单句型---从句的使用
　　句型： in spite of the fact that...
       Although, though...

2. 使用注意事项

使用让步的论证法时，应该简单明了。与自己相反观点只需选取一个就可以了，进行简答的阐述，然后迅速的转入到自己的正面观点中去。

3. 范例评析

While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to a child’s relationship with their parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.

五、比较论证

通过比较和对比方式来论证，这样两个事物、行为或者观点的利弊就非常明显。

Those who believe in the measure say that students benefit a lot from traveling or working for a year before their formal university education. First, they can more broadly acquainted themselves with the society, deepen their understanding of the outside world, and thus better coordinate their objectives of learning with the needs of the society.

In contrast, by immediate entrance to university they can not steer the direction of their study well and may display a poor combination of the theory with practice. Second, study at high school is really exhausting, especially when to win college admission. So it is necessary to grant these children a relatively long period of relaxation or buffer, say, traveling or working for a year, to loosen the chords of their brain, so that when they go back to school later again, they can become completely refreshed and rejuvenated.

这篇雅思大作文写作的内容是关于上大学前是否应该用一年的时间来旅游或者工作进行论证。此段的主题是学生在进入大学学习之前花一年时间进行旅游或工作的话，会让他们受益匪浅。对比点是：进入大学之前一年进行旅游或工作有利于让学生广泛了解社会，加深他们对外界的理解，因此能让他们更好地协调好学习目标和社会的需要。

应用这样的雅思大作文写作方法，相对比之下，直接进入大学学习的话，他们不能够把握学习的方向，而且有可能会产生理论和实践相脱节。通过此番对比，旅游或工作一年对于即将步入大学的学生们的好处是显而易见，段落的主题句得到有力的论证。

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