1.
state n. 情形, 状态, 国家, 政府, 州 vt.声明, 陈述, 规定
For the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775 there had been concern about the state of the English language.
statement n.声明, 陈述, 综述
2.
special adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的
especially adv.尤其，特别
specialization n.特殊化, 专门化
specialise v.专业化，专门研究
specialised adj. 专门的, 专科的
In the 19th century, new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.
specialist n. 专家
speciality n.特性, 特质, 专业
specify vt.指定, 详细说明
specific adj.详细而精确的, 明确的
An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short descriptions of specific experiments.
specifically adv.特定的, 明确的
species n.种类
Extinct species are being replaced by new species.
3.
differ vi.不同
In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species.
difference n.差异, 差别
different adj.不同的
Different groups of researchers attacked different problems, from speech recognition to chess playing, in different ways.
differentiate v.区别, 区分
4.
appropriate adj.适当的
inappropriate adj.不适当的
5.
staff n. 全体职员
6.
contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾
contrary adj.相反的, 逆的
contrast vt.使与...对比 n.对比, 对照
7.
claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 主张 vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张
claimant n.(根据权利)提出要求者
reclaim vt.要求归还，开垦
reclamation n.收回，开垦
8.
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science.
similarly adv.同样地, 类似于
similarity n.类似, 类似处
assimilation n.同化
9.
evidence n.明显, 显著，证据
There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.
evident adj.明显的, 显然的
10.
major n. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修
Grime (1966) suggests that light may be one of the major components directing these adaptations.
majority n.多数, 大半
11.
further adj.更远的, 更多的 vt.促进, 增进, 助长
furthermore adv.此外, 而且
12.
involve t.包括,使陷于
Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy.
involvement n.连累, 包含
revolve v.旋转
revolution n.革命，旋转
n.革命者 revolutionise vt.使彻底改变
evolve vt. (使)进化, (使)发展
evolution n. 进化, 发展
evolutionary adj.进化的
13.
complete adj.全部的, 完全的 vt.完成, 使完善
It was a very expensive and time-consuming process that took around six months to complete.
completely adv.十分, 完全地
completion n.完成
Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.
accomplish vt.完成，实现
accomplishment n.完成，成就
14.
suit v.适合 n.一套衣服
suitable adj.适当的, 相配
Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience.
suitcase n.手提箱, 衣箱
15.
person n.人, 身体
personal adj.私人的, 个人的
Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humour.
personalize v.使成私人的, 人格化
personality n.个性, 人格
Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life.
personnel n.人员, 职员
16.
accommodate vt.供应, 供给, 容纳
accommodation n.住处, 膳宿
17.
economy n.经济, 节约
economic adj.经济(上)的
It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.
economics n.经济学
18.
alter v.改变
alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的
alternate adj.交替的, 轮流的 v.交替, 轮流, 改变
19.
effect n.效果, 作用, 影响
effective adj.有效的
effectiveness n.效力
effort n.努力, 成就
affect vt.影响, 感动
affection n. 影响, 爱情,
affective adj.情感的
affecting adj.感人的, 动人的
efficient adj.(直接)生效的, 有效率的
efficiency n.效率, 功效
sufficient adj.充分的，足够的
insufficient adj.不足的，不够的
20.
experiment n.实验, 试验 vi.进行实验, 做试验
experimental adj.实验的
experimentation n.实验, 试验, 实验法
experimenter n.实验者
21.
approach n.接近, 方法 vt.接近
His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.
approachability n.可接近
22.
previous adj.在前的, 早先的
Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis.
23.
gene n. [遗传]基因
genetics n.遗传学
24.
object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议 objection n.异议,拒绝 objective n.目标, 目的 adj.客观的
25.
amount n.数量 vi.(to) 总计, 等于
26.
mean adj.低劣的,吝啬的 vt.意谓 n.平均数
meaning n.意义, 含意 meaningful adj.意味深长的
27.
coal n.煤
coal-mining n.挖煤
28.
quality n.质量, 品质, 性质
qualify v.(使)具有资格, 证明合格
qualification n.资格, 条件
qualitative adj.性质上的, 定性的
29.
medicine n.药, 医学
medical adj.医学的, 内科的
medication n.药物治疗, 药物处理, 药物
30.
term n.学期,条款,术语
termly adj.定期的, 每一期的
terminology n.术语学
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