托福听力词汇边读边学：暑期工减少了犯罪率

本篇文章主要讲的是暑假工减少了青少年的暴力犯罪率。因为暑期工使青少年学会自我控制，没有时间沮丧，学会处理矛盾。下面大家看一下这篇托福听力背景材料中出现的生词吧，希望能够给正在备考托福听力考试的学生带来帮助。

A study following teens who had summer jobs (暑期工)found violent crime(暴力犯罪) in that population almost cut in half, during and following the employment.

Violence is more than a criminal problem. It’s also a public health issue. More than 6,000 people are injured annually (每年)due to violence, mostly young people in low-income neighborhoods(社区). Jobs programs for teens done with school have proven costly and seem to do little to reduce violence. But summer employment for kids still in school may be effective(有效的), according to a study by criminologist (犯罪学者)Sara Heller at the University of Pennsylvania.

She followed more than 1,600 young people, many of whom took part in a Chicago program called One Summer Plus. It offers 8-week stints at jobs such as camp counselors(营队辅导员), community gardeners(园艺大师), or government office workers at minimum wage.

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One group of kids worked 25 hours a week, with an adult mentor(指导者). Another group worked 15 hours and got 10 hours of social-emotional education(情感教育). A control group got nothing. Based on school and police records, Heller found a 43 percent decrease in violent crime in the two groups that had jobs. This lasted long after the program ended.

The work apparently helps students learn to manage conflict, reduce frustration(挫败) and improve self control. Heller concludes that intervention(介入) programs can be low-cost and effective, “even for a problem as destructive(破坏的) and complex as youth violence.”

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下面是本篇文章的疑难词汇汇总
　　Annually adv. 每年;一年一次
　　Criminologist n. 犯罪学者;刑事学家
　　Counselor n. 顾问;法律顾问;参事(等于counsellor)
　　mentor. n. 指导者，良师益友vt. 指导
　　frustration n. 挫折
　　destructive adj. 破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的，消极的

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