SAT语法：常见逻辑主语问题

一、逻辑主语常见形式

逻辑主语问题的常见形式有下列几种：

1. 句子以现在分词开始

例如， Lacking good instruction, my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous. ( 句子以现在分词lacking开始)
　　(A) my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous
　　(B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
　　(C) there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends
　　(D) I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes
　　(E) The graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes

2. 句子以过去分词开始

例如， Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (句子以过去分词carried开始)
　　(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that
　　(B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that
　　(C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens
　　(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that
　　(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it

3. 句子以介词加分词开始

例如， By simply entering an internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers. (句子以介词by加分词entering…or calling…开始)
　　(A) a catalog order can be placed
　　(B) by placing a catalog order
　　(C) they will place your catalog order
　　(D) you can place a catalog order 
　　(E) your catalog order can be placed

4. 句子以连词加分词或形容词开始

例如， While driving down the road, the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention. (句子以连词while加分词driving down…开始)
　　(A) the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention
　　(B) the house having the large yard and a small pond attracted the attention of the family
　　(C) the house with the yard and small pond was attractive to the family’s attention
　　(D) the family’s attention was attracted by the house with the large yard and small pond
　　(E) the family was attracted to the house with the large yard and small pond

二、修改方法

从语法上而言，如果句子开始是分词结构，那么它的逻辑主语必须是整个句子的主语。在修改句子题中，却往往相反，即句子的主语不是分词结构的逻辑主语。修改的方法是“一步必杀”法：将句子的主语替换为分词结构的逻辑主语(一般藏在句子中)。正确答案通常就是以分词结构的逻辑主语为句子主语的选项。根据“一步必杀”法，上述句子修改如下：

1. Lacking good instruction, my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous.
　　(A) my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous
　　(B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
　　(C) there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends
　　(D) I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes
　　(E) The graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes

现在分词lacking的逻辑主语，即整个句子的主语应该是“I”，而实际上却是“my mistakes”。修改时只需要将句子的主语改为“I”就可以了。符合这个要求的有(B)与(D)两个选项，其中(D)选项将numerous mistakes放错了位置，使得整个句子意思荒谬。因此(B)为正确答案。这也告诉考生，正确答案只要改正原句的主要错误就可以了，而无须做太多额外的修改，因为与原句相比，这么做将使改后的句子变得面目全非。

以上是为考生们介绍的SAT语法中常见的逻辑主语问题，希望对正在备考SAT的考生们有帮助。

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