SAT阅读话题分类——女性女权

       The number of women directors appointed to corporate 
         boards in the United States has increased dramatically,
         but the ratio of female to male directors remains
         low. Although pressure to recruit women directors,
　　 (5) unlike that to employ women in the general work force,
　　 does not derive from legislation, it is nevertheless real.
　　 Although small companies were the first to have
　　 women directors, large corporations currently have a
　　 higher percentage of women on their boards. When the
　　 (10) chairs of these large corporations began recruiting
　　 women to serve on boards, they initially sought women
　　 who were chief executive officers (CEO’s) of large corporations.
          However, such women CEO’s are still rare. In
　　 addition, the ideal of six CEO’s (female or male ) serving
         (15) on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable 
         only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raises
　　 the specter of director over commitment and the resultant
　　 dilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs next
　　 sought women in business who had the equivalent of
　　 (20) CEO experience. However, since it is only recently that
          large numbers of women have begun to rise in management,
          the chairs began to recruit women of high achievement
          outside the business world. Many such women are
　　 well known for their contributions in government,
　　 (25) education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that the
　　 women from these sectors who were appointed were
　　 often acquaintances of the boards’ chairs seems quite
　　 reasonable: chairs have always considered it important
　　 for directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom.
　　 30) Although many successful women from outside the
　　 business world are unknown to corporate leaders, these
　　 women are particularly qualified to serve on boards
　　 because of the changing nature of corporations. Today a
　　 company’s ability to be responsive to the concerns of the
　　 (35)community and the environment can influence that
　　 company’s growth and survival. Women are uniquely
　　 positioned to be responsive to some of these concerns.
　　 Although conditions have changed, it should be remembered
         that most directors of both sexes are over fifty
         (40) years old. Women of that generation were often encouraged 
         to direct their attention toward efforts to improve
　　 the community. This fact is reflected in the career development
         of most of the outstandingly successful women
　　of the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve
　　(45) on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and
　　 22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofit
　　 sector.
　　 One organization of women directors is helping business
          become more responsive to the changing needs of
　　 (50) society by raising the level of corporate awareness about
　　 social issues, such as problems with the economy,
　　 government regulation, the aging population, and the
　　 environment. This organization also serves as a resource
　　 center of information on accomplished women who are
　　  (55) potential candidates for corporate boards.

　　1. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about achievement of the “ideal” mentioned in line 14?
　　(A) It has only recently become a possibility.
　　(B) It would be easier to meet if more CEO’s were women
　　(C) It is very close to being a reality for most corporate boards.
　　(D) It might affect the quality of directors’ service to corporations.
　　(E) It would be more realizable if CEO’s had a more extensive range of business experience.

　　2. According to the passage, the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differs from the pressure to employ women in the work force in which of the following ways?
　　(A) Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number of openings.
　　(B) Corporate boards have received less pressure from stockholders, consumers, and workers within companies to include women on their boards.
　　(C) Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to include women on their boards.
　　(D) Corporations have only recently been pressured to include women on their boards.
　　(E) Corporations are not subject to statutory penalty for failing to include women on their boards.

　　3. All of the following are examples of issues that the organization described in the last paragraph would be likely to advise corporations on EXCEPT
　　(A) long-term inflation
　　(B) health and safety regulations
　　(C) retirement and pension programs
　　(D) the energy shortage
　　(E) how to develop new markets

　　4. It can be inferred from the passage that, when seeking to appoint new members to a corporation’s board, the chair traditionally looked for candidates who
　　(A) had legal and governmental experience
　　(B) had experience dealing with community affairs
　　(C) could work easily with other members of the board
　　(D) were already involved in establishing policy for that corporation
　　(E) had influential connections outside the business world

　　5. According to the passage, which of the following is true about women outside the business world who are currently serving on corporate boards?
　　(A) Most do not serve on more than one board.
　　(B) A large percentage will eventually work on the staff of corporations.
　　(C) Most were already known to the chairs of the board to which they were appointed.
　　(D) A larger percentage are from government and law than are from the nonprofit sector.
　　(E) Most are less than fifty years old.

　　6. The passage suggests that corporations of the past differ from modern corporations in which of the following ways?
　　(A) Corporations had greater input on government policies afty of a corporation to keep up with changing markets was not a crucial factor in its success.
　　(D) A corporation’s effectiveness in coping with community needs was less likely to affect its growth and prosperity.
　　(E) Corporations were subject to more stringent government regulations.

　　7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
　　(A) A problem is described, and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded or failed are discussed.
　　(B) A problem is described, and then an advantage of resolving it is offered.
　　(C) A problem is described, and then reasons for its continuing existence are summarized.
　　(D) The historical origins of a problem are described, and then various measures that have successfully resolved it are discussed.
　　(E) The causes of a problem are described, and then its effects are discussed.

　　8. It can be inferred from the passage that factors making women uniquely valuable members of modern corporate boards would include which of the following?
　　Ⅰ. The nature of modern corporations
　　Ⅱ. The increased number of women CEO’s
　　Ⅲ. The careers pursued by women currently available to serve on corporate boards
　　(A) Ⅰonly
　　(B) Ⅱonly
　　(C) Ⅲ only
　　(D) Ⅰand Ⅲ only
　　(E) Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ

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