2016年5月8日GRE阅读考试预测

2016年5月GRE阅读考试预测：

共有两部分，第二部分难度由第一部分考生正确率决定。如果第一部分正确率较高，则第二部分难度增大。如果第一部分正确率低，第二部分难度减小。

　　Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following reading passage.
　　I enjoyed A Dream of Light & Shadow: Portraits of Latin American Women Writers for the same reasons that, as a child, I avidly consumed women’s biographies: the fascination with how the biographical details of another female’s life are represented and interpreted.
　　A Dream offers a rich read, varied in both the lives and texts of the women portrayed, and the perspectives and styles of the sixteen essayists. Yet, as an adult, I have come to demand of any really “great” book a self-consciousness about the tenuous nature of representations of reality, a critical contextualization of florid detail, and a self-awareness of the role of ideology in our lives. In these critical senses, A Dream is inadequate.
　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
　　1. The author of the passage suggests that A Dream falls short in which of the following respects?
　　A It does not appear to recognize that representations of reality can be unreliable.
　　B It seems to focus on stylistic variety at the expense of accuracy of detail.
　　C It offers a wealth of detail without sufficient critical examination of that detail.
　　2. Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence (“A Dream . . . essayists”) in the context of the passage as a whole?
　　A To give examples of how A Dream presents fascinating portraits that display awareness of the tenuous nature of representations of reality
　　B To elaborate on how A Dream fulfills the author’s childhood criteria for a pleasurable book
　　C To suggest that the author enjoyed A Dream for reasons more sophisticated than the reasons she enjoyed certain books as a child
　　D To illustrate ways in which the author finds A Dream to be inadequate in certain critical senses
　　E To imply that A Dream is too varied in focus to provide a proper contextualization of the biographical details it offers

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　　3. (logic)During the day in Lake Constance, the zooplankton D. hyalina departs for the depths where food is scarce and the water cold. D. galeata remains near the warm surface where food is abundant. Even though D. galeata grows and reproduces much faster, its population is often outnumbered by D. hyalina.
　　Which of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox presented above?
　　A The number of species of zooplankton living at the bottom of the lake is twice that of species living at the surface.
　　B Predators of zooplankton, such as whitefish and perch, live and feed near the surface of the lake during the day.
　　C In order to make the most of scarce food resources, D. hyalina matures more slowly than D. galeata.
　　D D. galeata clusters under vegetation during the hottest part of the day to avoid the Sun’s rays.
　　E D. galeata produces twice as many offspring per individual in any given period of time as does D. hyalina.
　　Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following reading passage.
　　Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.
　　Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.
　　4. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:
　　A They formed a distinct upper class.
　　B Many of them were able to increase their holdings.
　　C Some of them worked as professionals or in business.
　　D Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.
　　E Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.
　　5. Which of the following best states the author’s main point?
　　A Pessen’s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early-nineteenth-century America.
　　B Tocqueville’s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.
　　C Pessen’s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.
　　D The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the
　　United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.
　　E Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic systems in the United
　　States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.
　　Questions 6 to 9 are based on the following reading passage.

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　　The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.
　　The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention — that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, freefloating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of evempulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.
　　The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, inner-directed, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds — and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquillity over an explosive endocrine system.

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