2016年1月24日托福考情真题解析——Writing

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Writing  新通外语深圳分校    黄美燕

Task 1

Reading

在五大湖地区建风力发电是有经济/生态效应的, 给了三个理由

1) 可以促进经济收益，促进就业

2) 淡水可以减少对机器的维护费用

3) 淡水可以循环，节约用水

Listening

反驳阅读的理论

1)  需要花很多钱，花销远远超过收益，总体不会增加经济收益

2)  淡水在冬天容易结冰，对风轮机损坏严重，因此维修费不会降低反而会更高

3)  风力机器需要在水中加入物质，会污染人们的饮用水源

Sample answer

The reading passage argues that the construction of wind turbine is of vital benefits in economy as well as ecosystem, proving three reasons, which are refuted by the lecture.  

First, even though the reading passage provides evidence that running the turbine can effectively boost economic profit since the employment rate would accordingly be raised, the professor argues in the lecture that the process of constructing the turbine cost a large amount of money, which means its expense far outweigh its final profits. In this way, there will not be any economic improvement.

Moreover, despite the statement in the reading that fresh water contributes to the less cost on maintenance for machines, the professor contends that fresh water would easily become frozen, which greatly damages the turbine. Therefore, the cost on maintain the machines would be higher.

Finally, the professor asserts that substance should be required to put into the turbine, from which process people’s drinking water would be contaminated, whereas the author of the reading claims that fresh water can be recycled, thus saving on the use of water.

Task 2

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In times of an economic crisis, in which area should governments reduce its spending? 

1. Arts 2. Scientific research 3. Parks and public gardens.

Sample answer

During an economic crisis, governments face difficult choices of monetary allocation with reduced budgets. In this challenging time, it is of vital importance for policy-makers to recognize the effectiveness of policy-making on certain social services or programs such as arts, scientific research and park and public gardens. If a choice has to be made, in my opinion, the government should reduce its spending on arts.

To begin with, in times of an economic crisis, it is significant for policy-makers to recognize the necessity of investing in scientific research because it exerts a far-reaching effect. If the financial crisis leads to substantial cuts in funding for scientific research by governments, it will be difficult to muster investment for a public good, like clean air, or for extremely risky initiatives, such as novel approaches to new antibiotic drugs, or in areas where the outcome is uncertain. As a matter of fact, technological innovation, biomedical breakthroughs, and tackling pressing environmental issues all require sustained scientific development, from basic discovery to final application. Investing in research is investing in the future, and it requires a long-term commitment to the accumulation of knowledge, the testing of basic principles, and the translation of these discoveries into practical applications that impact everyday life. Consequently, governments ought to attach more importance to the scientific studies so as to develop world class research base and conduct crucial scientific projects.

Furthermore, funding for parks and public gardens provides an opportunity for people to engage in physical activities, which is considerably beneficial to health. Nowadays, due to the sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating diet, overweight and obesity are epidemic problems across the world, and related conditions are on the rise. A primary focus of attention is providing environment where people can be physically active. Parks offer such an opportunity. In addition, health studies have shown that people who do regular exercise get a range of benefits when they are in natural settings, like parks and public gardens. These benefits include reduced risk of premature death; reduced risk of heart disease, hypertension, cancer; improved maintenance of muscle strength; weight loss and favorable redistribution of body fat; improved physical functioning. Therefore, when governments allocate fiscal spending on parks such as well-designed and well-maintained paths as well as attractive scenery, people can substantially improve their health and quality of life by doing moderate amounts of physical activity in their daily lives.

Undeniably, if governments pay more attention to investment in art, people can enrich inner world as a diverse and productive cultural environment can provide the spirit and important intangible values. However, in times of crisis, people usually lay emphasis on basic needs instead of spiritual needs. As a result, the importance of material comforts outweighs that of nourishment for the mind and it does not mean that people’s quality of life will be dramatically affected if governments cut budget on art and provide less financial support on art institutions. In a sense, it will not directly influence people’s life at least in a short term because people rarely need to satisfy their aesthetic needs every day. Therefore, compared with scientific research and park and public gardens, art is least associated with people’s daily life and it needs less concern.

From what has been discussed above, scientific studies serve the common interest of the entire human race and doing exercise in parks and public gardens constitutes an indispensable part of daily life. It is more applicable and reasonable to cut down spending on art in the times of an economic crisis.

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