如何有区别地对待托福阅读中的单词（2）

上一次已经给同学们讲解了关于如何对待托福阅读中出现的生词，特别是名词。有的名词看上去很陌生，但一点都不会影响我们解题，但是如果不认识那些基础核心的单词，比如影响我们理解句义的动词，对于托福阅读那可能会很致命。例如：

It should be obvious that cetaceans---whales, porpoises, and dolphins---are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not though gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.

In this paragraph, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

在这道托福阅读的事实信息题目中,当定位到blowhole后，我们会发现只有一个句子对blowhole进行了描述, 因此重点要理解这个句子的含义。在这个句子中，我们必须认识动词disguise和选项B中的conceal，这两个单词都是核心必会词汇，而对于affinities，首先可以判断出它是名词性质，其次根据with可以进一步猜出这个单词讲的是cetaceans 和land dwelling mammals的一种关系。因此，相对于名词来说，尤其是很生僻的名词，基础核心的动词的含义更重要。所以，大家在学习的时候，优先掌握动词的含义，更快更准地理解句子。再看一道题：

B  The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and smell whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.

8. Which of the senses is described here as being involved in mating?

mating的原型是mate，这个动词的含义是“繁殖”、“交配”，而文中的同义替换的单词是名词courtship(求爱)。这说明这道题目考查的就是这两个基础单词，不认识就没法做。

通过以上真题，希望同学们正确地、有区别地对待单词！掌握基础核心的、会影响我们解题的单词，分清主次，提高学习效率！

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