托福TPO44阅读真题解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了大量的阅读之外，全面了解托福阅读的题型和解题方法也都是非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO44阅读真题解析：Passage 1。

托福TPO44阅读Passage 1 真题解析 【在线咨询】

Seagrasses

1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about seagrasses in calm ocean waters?【事实信息题】
A. They will not survive for very long without the nutrients brought In by fast-moving waters.
B. They tend to form beds covering large areas along the ocean floor.
C. They usually are arranged in separate mounds.
D. They grow more slowly than do seagrasses in fast-moving waters.
答案： B

解析：选项A没有快速流动的水流带来的营养，海草将不会存活很久。原文中并没有提及此信息;选项B它们会形成海草床覆盖海底的大部分区域，与原文信息一致;选项C中的separate mounds只是原文的一个细节信息;选项D中海草长得慢比起在流速快的水流中，原文并没有对此细节进行对比。

2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is MOST likely to describe a bed in which seagrasses reach the surface of the water?【事实信息题】
A. The water is almost completely still.
B. The bed often has major damage from strong waves or currents.
C. The bed is generally no more than one square meter in size.
D. Grasses form a mosaic of individual mounds.
答案： A

解析：原文The seagrass beds, in turn, dampen wave action, particularly if the blades reach the water surface. This damping effect can be significant to the point where just one meter into a seagrass bed the wave motion can be reduced to zero. 选项A水基本是静止不动的，与原文信息减少到零一致。

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子简化题】
A. Light particles and debris collect in some seagrass beds, but are washed out of those affected by strong currents.
B. Seagrass beds under the influence of strong currents tend to accumulate many of the lighter particles from other beds
C. The strength of the currents determines how quickly accumulated seagrass debris is moved out of the beds.
D. Seagrass debris and other light particles are often moved from areas of strong currents to areas of weak currents.
答案： A

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4. The word "derive" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. maintain
B. expel
C. obtain
D. enrich
答案： C

解析：derive获得，选项A保持;选项B排除;选项C拥有;选项D丰富。所以选项C正确。

5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following does NOT accurately describe the sediments that collect in seagrass beds? 【否定事实信息题】
A. Fine-grained
B. Only a few millimeters deep
C. Low in oxygen
D. Rich in organic matter
答案： B

解析：原文Since most seagrass systems are depositional environments, they eventually accumulate organic material that leads to the creation of fine-grained sediments with a much higher organic content than that of the surrounding unvegetated areas. This accumulation, in turn, reduces the water movement and the oxygen supply. 选项A细粒的;选项C低氧的;选项D丰富的有机物，与原文的细节信息一致。选项B 仅有几毫米深与原文信息不符。

6. The word "confined" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. related
B. limited
C. relevant
D. helpful
答案： B

解析：confined被限制的，选项A有关系的;选项B受限制的;选项C相关的;选项D有帮助的。所以选项B正确。

7. According to paragraph 3，how do seagrasses affect the nutrient supply in the ecosystem? 【事实信息题】
A. Because of their high rate of metabolism, they consume a large percentage of the available nutrients.
B. They attract various species of algae and bacteria that produce high nutrient concentrations in the water column.
C. They take up carbon and other nutrients trapped on the sea bottom and bring them back into use.
D. Through anaerobic processes at their roots, they produce a very nutrient-rich sediment.
答案： C

解析： 原文anaerobic processes of the microorganisms in the sediment are an important mechanism for regenerating and recycling nutrients and carbon, ensuring the high rates of productivity—that is, the amount of organic material produced-that are measured in those beds. 选项C中的bring them back to use与原文中的regenerating and recycling意思相符。

8. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the reason seagrasses do not grow in very deep water is that 【推理题】
A. they cannot handle intense water pressure
B. deep water is too cold
C. they would not get enough light
D. deep water is too salty
答案： C

解析： 原文For example, water depth and turbidity (density of particles in the water) together or separately control the amount of light available to the plants and the depth to which the seagrasses may extend. 水深和浊度一起或分别控制对植物可用的光的强度，并且这些海草的深度可能会延长。显然选项C中海草将不会得到足够的光，与原文信息一致。

9. The word “detrimental'’ in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. harmful
B. significant
C. unexpected
D. distinct
答案： A

解析： detrimental不利的，选项A有害的;选项B显著的;选项C意外的;选项D明显的。所以选项A正确。

10. The word “detrimental'’ in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. harmful
B. significant
C. unexpected
D. distinct
答案： A

解析： detrimental不利的，选项A有害的;选项B显著的;选项C意外的;选项D明显的。所以选项A正确。

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11. Paragraph 4 suggests that which of the following would be the LEAST likely to cause major damage to eelgrass and other common seagrasses?【推理题】
A. Factors related to extreme temperatures
B. Exposure to air
C. Major changes in salinity
D. The movement of ice on the seafloor
答案： C

解析： 原文中Still, extreme temperatures, in combination with other factors, may have dramatic detrimental effects. 极限温度结合其它的因素，会有显著的破坏作用，所以选项A不属于最少破坏的因素;原文Seagrass beds also decline if they are subjected to too much exposure to the air. 海草床也会减少如果它们太多的部分暴露在空气中，所以选项B也不属于最少的破坏因素;原文Most seagrass beds seem tolerant of considerable changes in salinity (salt levels) and can be found in brackish (somewhat salty) waters as well as in full- strength seawater. 大部分的海草似乎能承受相当大的盐分的变化，所以选项C中盐分的主要变化是最少的破坏因素。选项D中海床上的冰的移动属于极限温度的一个表现，选项不属于最少的破坏影响。

12. The phrase “tolerant of’ in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. unused to
B. strongly affected by
C. protected from
D. able to withstand
答案： D

解析： tolerant of容忍，选项A不习惯于;选项B强烈地受…影响;选项C使免受;选项D能够承受。所以选项D正确。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Seagrasses grow together in dense patches, or beds, with as many as 4,000 blades per square meter.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage 【句子插入题】
答案： B

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. 【概要小结题】
Seagrasses are aquatic flowering plants that grow in either sheltered or open areas of the sea
A. Seagrass beds are influenced by several physical factors, the most significant being the stability of the sea bottom, which must anchor them against the currents.
B. Because they slow currents and waves, seagrass beds collect deposits of rich organic sediments, which are home to many anaerobic microorganisms.
C. Unlike sea organisms that depend on the water column for their productivity, seagrasses ensure high rates of productivity by taking nutrients from ocean floor sediment.
D. Sediments in seagrass beds vary by region, with temperate beds accumulating sediments from within, and tropical beds collecting sediments from without.
E. Seagrasses under weak currents tend to have higher rates of metabolism than those under strong currents, perhaps because of differences in oxygen levels.
F. Although seagrasses survive in temperatures ranging from 2 to 28 degrees Celsius, more extreme temperatures can damage them, as can desiccation and lack of light.
答案： BCF

解析： 选项A与第1段中的信息不符，原文Seagrass beds are strongly influenced by several physical factors. The most significant is water motion: currents and waves. 选项B海草减缓波流，海草床收集丰富的有机物沉淀，这些是厌氧生物的家园。是对第3段前半段的概括总结;选项C中的seagrasses 确保高生产力通过来自海底沉淀物吸收营养，是对第2段的概括总结;选项D中的temperate beds accumulating sediments from within, and tropical beds collecting sediments from without与原文信息相反;选项E中Seagrasses under weak currents tend to have higher rates of metabolism than those under strong currents与原文信息相反;选项F是对第4段的归纳总结，与原文信息相符。

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