托福TPO41听力Lecture真题解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首写字母，就是托福在线练习的意思，TPO可以为考生提供全真的模拟考试环境和过往真题，而TPO题库也是有着不断的更新。在托福听力备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福听力能力，选择好适合的练习材料是个非常重要的环节。而对于很多备考托福的学生来说，TPO往往就是一个首先的备考材料。今天，小编就为大家带来托福TPO41听力Lecture真题解析。

托福TPO41听力Lecture1  【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
a. The growth rates of plants in different geographical regions
b. Different ways that plants have adapted to desert environments
c. The different mechanisms that plant roots use to absorb water
d. Different kinds of succulent plants
答案： B
破题关键词汇：mainly about

解析：(从第23秒开始，原文重现：So, with desert plants, there are basically three different adaptive strategies.)
根据原文可知lecture主要内容是关于沙漠植物适应环境的方法策略，所以B选项正确。

2. What are two features of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts?
Click on 2 answers.
a. Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.
b. Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.
c. Succulent plants have short stems.
d. Succulent plants have few leaves.
答案： A, D
破题关键词汇： features, succulent plants

解析：(从第1分25秒开始，原文重现：Succulent plants can store water in their leaves, in their stems, or in their roots.
从第1分50秒开始，原文重现：And that means that most succulent plants have few, if any, leaves.)
根据原文可知多肉植物可以在根茎叶中储存水分，所以A选项正确。多肉植物的叶子也非常稀少，所以D选项正确。

3. Why does the professor mention bears?
a.To remind students of information from a previous lecture
b.To point out a feature common to all desert plants
c.To reinforce a point about drought-tolerant plants
d.To help students understand the concept of adaptation
答案： C
破题关键词汇：bears

解析：(从第1分56秒开始，原文重现：Now, besides succulent plants, there're also drought-tolerant plants. Drought-tolerant plants are like bears in a way. You know how bears mostly sleep through the winter. They can survive without eating because their metabolism slows down. Well, drought-tolerant plants also go into a dormant state when resources, in their case, water, run short. A drought-tolerant plant can actually dry out without dying.)
根据原文可知教授提及熊的原因是，抗旱性植物和熊很相似，当缺乏水资源时，抗旱性植物也不会死掉，只会变干，所以C选项正确。

4. What is one ability that drought-tolerant plants have that succulent plants do not have?
a. a. The ability to absorb water from dry soil
b. The ability to absorb water through their leaves
c. The ability to prevent moisture from being lost through their leaves
d. The ability to shed leaves
答案： A
破题关键词汇：ability

解析：(从第2分45秒开始，原文重现：Drought tolerant plants can even absorb water from relatively dry soil because of their deep roots in contrast to succulent plants.)
根据原文可知抗旱性植物和多肉植物的区别就是，抗旱性植物可以从相对干燥的土地中吸收水分，所以A选项正确。

5. Why can annual plants grow in a desert even after a year of no rainfall?
a. Annual plants have an extensive root system that can absorb water from far away.
b. Annual plants produce seeds all year long.
c. Seeds of annual plants can store water for a long time.
d. Seeds of annual plants can survive in the ground for a long time without water.
答案： D
破题关键词汇：no rainfall

解析：(从第3分29秒开始，原文重现：But they have a mechanism to prevent one year of low rainfall from wiping them out.)
根据原文可知annual plants有自己的机制可以使其在非常干旱的环境里生存，所以D选项正确。

6. Why does the professor say this :
a. To correct a previous statement
b. To acknowledge a potentially surprising fact
c. To anticipate the types of questions that students might have about the topic
d. To make sure that students are paying attention
答案： B
破题关键词汇：There ARE plants that do this.

解析：(从第2分59秒开始，原文重现：Yes! There ARE plants that do this.)
教授笑着说，是的，真的有植物这样做。也就是在承认这个让人难以置信的事实，所以B选项正确。

托福TPO41听力Lecture2  【在线咨询】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
a. The growth and influence of historical institutions in the early United States
b. Facts and myths about Christopher Columbus
c. New information about events that occurred during Columbus’ explorations
d. How Columbus' story was used to help create a national identity for the United States
答案： D
破题关键词汇：mainly about

解析：(从第1秒开始，原文重现：It's interesting how much we can learn about culture in the United States by looking at how Christopher Columbus has been portrayed throughout United States' history.)
教授在Lecture的开篇就说，我们能从哥伦布的故事中学到很多美国的历史和文化，所以D选项正确。

2. According to the professor, why did John Pintard promote the commemoration of the three hundredth anniversary of Columbus' landing?
a. To encourage patriotism
b. To demonstrate his own wealth and influence
c. To lessen the influence held by the leaders of the American revolution
d. To correct what he claimed were mistaken beliefs about Columbus
答案： A
破题关键词汇：promote the commemoration

解析：(从第1分06秒开始，原文重现：Well, to Pintard it was a way to build patriotism in the young, politically fractured country.)
从教授的回答可知，Pintard推行这个纪念会的目的是为了树立起人们的爱国精神，所以A选项正确。

3. What were two contributing factors to the selection of Columbus as a United States national hero?
Click on 2 answers.
a. His writings were popular at the time
b. He had no connection to the rulers of Britain.
c. The leaders of the revolution did not want to be considered heroes.
d. Few people were more famous in the early years of the United States.
答案： B, C
破题关键词汇：national hero

解析：(从第1分38秒开始，原文重现：And Columbus, he felt Columbus could become a story that Americans could tell each other about their national origins that was outside of the British colonial context.
从第2分03秒开始，原文重现：The leaders of the revolution were the natural candidates to be heroes, but many were still alive and didn't want the job.)
根据原文可知，推举哥伦布作为美国民族英雄的主要原因有两个，一个是哥伦布与英国殖民环境无关，所以B选项正确。另一个是其他的革命领导者并不想被推举成为民族英雄，所以C选项正确。

4. What does the professor imply about the facts of Columbus’ life?
a. They were not relevant for Pintard's purposes.
b. They are an important part of early United States history.
c. They are not presented accurately in Columbus' own writings.
d. They were researched thoroughly before his selection as a national hero
答案： A
破题关键词汇：imply, Columbus’ life

解析：(从第2分58秒开始，原文重现：True. To be historically accurate, the way Pintard thought about Columbus doesn't match up with the facts of his life at all.)
从教授的回答可知，Pintard对哥伦布的态度和看法与哥伦布的生活并无关联。所以A选项正确。

5. What is the professor’s attitude toward studying what she calls the "mythical Columbus"?
a. It is a good way to discover facts about Columbus’ explorations.
b. It is a way to learn about the society that created the myth.
c. It is likely to cause confusion among those who want to learn United States history.
d. It is not as interesting as doing research into the writings of Columbus.
答案： B
破题关键词汇：attitude, mythical Columbus

解析：(从第3分54秒开始，原文重现：Exactly. And this mythical Columbus, it became a reflection of the society which chose him.)
从教授的回答可知，神话般的哥伦布也变成了选择他的这个社会的缩影。所以B选项正确。

6. Why does the student say this:
a. To question the accuracy of the professor’s statement
b. To ask for examples of mistaken beliefs about Columbus
c. To propose an alternative explanation
d. To find out if he understood the professor's point
答案： D
破题关键词汇：Since no one knew much about the real Columbus, it was easy to invent a mythical one?

解析：(从第3分33秒开始，原文重现：And since not a lot of facts were known about Columbus, because writings weren't available in North America until...until 1816. That might have actually helped the process of adapting him to American purposes.
从第3分49秒开始，原文重现：Since no one knew much about the real Columbus, it was easy to invent a mythical one?)
教授说并没人知道很多关于哥伦布的事情，因为关于他的故事直到1816才在美国出现。
学生问：由于并没有人了解真正的哥伦布，所以我们就很容易自己虚构出一个神话般的人物了是吗?所以学生是为了与教授再次确认他懂教授所说的这个点。所以D选项正确。

托福TPO41听力Lecture3  【在线咨询】

1. What does the professor mainly discuss?
a. The process art historians use to determine who created Renaissance artworks
b. Whether collaborative artworks are superior to those produced individually
c. The way that art was created during the Renaissance
d. The development of artistic individuality during the Renaissance
答案：C
破题关键词汇：mainly discuss

解析：(从第11秒开始，原文重现：But this task becomes particularly difficult when we're dealing with works produced in Italy during the Renaissance, the 16th, 17th centuries.)
根据原文可知lecture的主要内容是关于在16,17世纪文艺复兴时期所创作艺术品的方式，所以C选项正确。

2. According to the professor, what factors may have led to a Renaissance artist's decision to hire assistants?
Click on 2 answers.
a. The number of commissions an artist accepted
b. The scale of the project to be completed
c. The amount of money to be paid for the project
d. The amount of advice needed from other artists
答案：A, B
破题关键词汇：hire assistants

解析：(从第1分29秒开始，原文重现：You see, to deal with a wide variety of commissions they received, orders basically, for specific types of art, specific projects, to handle these, master artists often employed assistants as apprentices. And this was especially so if they worked on a large scale, huge paintings or sculptures, or if they were much in demand, like Raphael, for instance.)
根据原文可知，导致艺术家是否决定雇佣一个助手的主要因素有两个，一个是任务量的多少，对应A选项;一个是艺术作品的规模，对应B选项。

3. Why does the professor mention someone who painted animals in Raphael’s workshop?
a. As an example of how artists learned by painting real-life models
b. As an example of paintings that were copied from sculptures
c. As an example of how assistants specialized in different types of painting
d. As an example of how an assistant introduced an artistic innovation
答案：C
破题关键词汇：painted animals

解析：(从第2分12秒开始，原文重现：And they might also specialize. For example, in Raphael's workshop, which might be called Raphael incorporated, one of the assistants specialized in animals. He actually painted a good number of the animals in Raphael's art.)
根据原文可知，教授提及在Raphael工作室里画动物的助手，是为了想表达这些助手们都有自己擅长的领域及画风，所以C选项正确。

4. According to the professor, how is a building project like a ballet?
a. Strong leadership is necessary to coordinate the work.
b. Everyone needs to be aware of what the others are doing.
c. Everyone needs to be doing the same thing at the same time.
d. The result depends on the level of skill of each person involved.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：ballet

解析：(从第3分09秒开始，原文重现：Think of it, like, um, a ballet, you know. All the dancers work together. There's a division of labor. People have different roles. And in order for the thing to come together, everyone needs to be aware of what others are doing and coordinate their work and have good timing.)
根据原文可知，芭蕾就需要大家一起合作，每个人都需要知道别人在做什么，才能把握好时间，所以B选项正确。

5. Why does the professor mention that in architecture, instructions were usually given orally?
Click on 2 answers.
a. To emphasize that architectural designs were constantly changing
b. To demonstrate the extent of the collaboration between master architects and their assistants
c. To explain why there is little documentation for many projects
d. To stress the difficulty in determining any given artisan’s contributions to a project
答案：C, D
破题关键词汇：given orally

解析：(从第3分48秒开始，原文重现：Instructions were given orally, not in writing. So we don't have those documents to tell us what exactly the master architect's plans were. The only time we have written records is when the architect wasn't actually there. Perhaps the architect was away on business and had to write out instructions and send them to the shop.)
根据原文可知，指令都以口头形式下达，解释了为什么我们没有那些著名建筑物规划师计划的文件，对应C选项;并且，他们也没有什么时间来写记录，记录下每个工匠所做的工作，对应D选项。

6. What does the professor imply about the process of producing architecture collaboratively?
a. It was a result of patrons’ believing in an architect's individual genius.
b. It resulted in extra expense for the patrons.
c. It was simpler than producing sculpture collaboratively.
d. It often resulted in less innovation than the architect intended.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：imply, producing architecture collaboratively

解析：(从第4分15秒开始，原文重现：I mean, since the hired artisans had been trained by other artisans, they tended to be trained to use traditional styles and techniques. So if you're a master architect, uh, you've developed your own style. Say you're calling for certain detail in the building you're designing, right? And say this detail is different, purposely different, from the established tradition, the established style.
Well, most likely when the hired artisans would execute the design, rather than follow the intended design, they would stick with the more traditional style that they were familiar with. Workers would have to be supervised very closely to prevent this from happening. Otherwise, as it often happened, there goes the designer's style and creativity.)
根据原文可知，由于雇佣的工匠都是由其他工匠培训成的，所以他们的风格会比较传统缺乏创新，所以D选项正确。

托福TPO41听力Lecture4  【在线咨询】

1. What do the speakers mainly discuss?
a. Whether life could exist outside a star’s habitable zone
b. Techniques used by researchers to detect exoplanets
c. Exoplanets that share certain characteristics with Earth
d. Characteristics of several recently discovered red dwarf stars
答案：C
破题关键词汇：mainly discuss

解析：(从第1分37秒开始，原文重现：OK, good. An Earth-like planet.
Now, as to that, there are some recently detected exoplanets that might actually be Earth-like.)
根据原文可知，外星行星和地球是有很多相似的特征的，所以C选项正确。

2. What does the professor say about the host star Gliese 581?
Click on 2 answers.
a. It is larger than the Sun.
b. It is cooler than the Sun.
c. It is a relatively young star.
d. It is relatively close to Earth.
答案：B, D
破题关键词汇：Gliese 581

解析：(从第2分钟开始，原文重现：This host star is considered a near neighbor of our solar system because it's only about 20 light years away. It's pretty close by astronomical standards. And being a red dwarf star, it's small and relatively cool, at least compared with the Sun.)
根据原文可知，Gliese 581距离太阳系只有20光年远，所以相对较近，对应D选项;并且温度相比于太阳较低，对应B选项。

3.What does the professor suggest about life on other planets?
a. It most likely does not exist.
b. It probably will not be discovered in the near future.
c. It probably would not be similar to life on Earth.
d. It could possibly be found even on gas giants.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：life on other planets

解析：(从第1分01秒开始，原文重现：First, as for discovering life. Well, I think that sort of discovery is pretty far in the future, but it is an eventual goal.)
根据原文可知，教授认为近期并不会发现生命体，所以B选项正确。

4. What did researchers discover about the planet Gliese 581 d when they reexamined it?
a. It is made entirely of rocks.
b. It is not able to support an ocean.
c. It is smaller than previously thought.
d. It is closer to its host star than previousty thought.
答案：D
破题关键词汇：Gliese 581 d, reexamined

解析：(从第2分54秒开始，原文重现：And when its orbit was originally calculated it was thought to be too far away from its host star to be warm enough to support a liquid ocean, let alone carbon-based life. But then its orbit was recalculated and now we see that Gliese 581 d is within its host's habitable zone.)
根据原文可知，最初计算时，Gliese 581 d的轨道被认为距离其主恒星太远了，但是后来再次计算其轨道时，发现Gliese 581 d已经在其主恒星的宜居带中了，所以它比之前想象的距其主恒星的距离要近，所以D选项正确。

5. Why is the planet Gliese 581 e unlikely to support carbon-based life?
a. It is too hot.
b. It is too small.
c. It is covered in ice.
d. It is made entirely of gas.
答案：A
破题关键词汇：Gliese 581 e, unlikely

解析：(从第4分04秒开始，原文重现：meaning it's very close to the star, and therefore too hot for water, for an ocean)
根据原文可知，Gliese 581 e距离其主恒星太近了，所以温度很高，所以A选项正确。

6. What does the professor find most exciting about the discovery of the planet Gliese 581 e?
a. It showed that some exoplanets have an atmosphere like Earth’s.
b. It helped researchers better understand exoplanets’ orbits.
c. It showed that the technology exists to detect small exoplanets.
d. It proved that some stars’ habitable zones are larger than once thought.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：most exciting, Gliese 581 e

解析：(从第4分09秒开始，原文重现：However, the fact that it's relatively close to the size of Earth, small, in astronomical terms, that was pretty exciting. It's impressive that we have the technology to detect it and it bodes well for future research.)
根据原文可知，非常impressive的是现有的科技已经能探测到如此小的行星如Gliese 581 e，所以C选项正确。 

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