对于许多中国学生来说，最常遇到的问题便是词汇记忆。实际上英语跟汉语一样，也有自己的“偏旁部首”和字根，英语构词法和汉语构词法有很多共性的地方。用英语构词法来记英语单词，做到事半功倍，记得准确，而且不容易遗忘。构词法可以分为四个部分：派生法、合成法、转化法和缩略法。今天，主要为大家介绍合成法和转化法
合成法：两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法称为合成法。
1. 复合名词的主要构成方式有：
(1)名词+名词
如：newspaper报纸 teamwork 协作
(2)形容词+名词
如：blackboard 黑板 highway 公路
(3)副词+名词
如：overcoat大衣 underground 地铁
(4)名词+介词短语
如：father-in-law岳父
mother-in-law 岳母
2. 复合动词的主要构成方式：
如：update更新 overlook 忽视
(2)名词+动词
如：sun-bathe日光浴 proof-read 校对
3. 复合代词的主要构成方式：
(1)代词宾格或物主代词+self/selves
如: ourselves , itself
(2)某些不定代词+body/ thing / one
如: nobody, everything.
4. 复合形容词的主要构成方式：
(1)名词+形容词
如：colour-blind色盲的
(2)副词+形容词
如：over-sensitive过敏的
(3)soNormal">如：hand-made手工制作的
(4) 形容词+名词
如：good-looking好看的
(5) 副词+分词
如：well-meant好意的 outstanding 出色的
(6) 形容词+名词
如：gentleman 绅士 greengrocer 水果商
(7)形容词+名词+ -ed
如： ill-mannered 不礼貌的
(8)数词+名词+(-ed)
如：two-faced两面派的 one-sided 片面的
(9)
如：iron-willed有钢铁意志的
5. 复合副词的主要构成方式：
(1)名词+名词, 如：sideways向旁边
(2)名词+副词, 如：headfirst头朝下
(3)形容词+名词, 如：meanwhile同时
(4)介词+名词, 如：beforehand事先
转化法：不添加任何成分, 不改变词形, 把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
1. 有大量的动词可以转化为名词
(1)
②make a study (guess, visit, call, survey, jump, slip, change, answer, advance, etc)
③come to a stop (end, pause)
(2)有时意思有一定的变化：
He was about the same build as his brother.他的体形和他哥哥差不多。
Women have a equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同样的发言权。
2. 有相当多的名词可以当动词用
(1)许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词, 表示动作。
Have you booked your ticket？ (预定)
It can seat a thousand people. (容纳)
(2)有些表示身体部位的名词活用来做动词。
We'll back you up. (支持)
We'll head for Yunnan tomorrow. (朝……前进)
(3)一些表示一类人的名词也可用做动词。
If so, we shall be badly fooled. (上当) 款待)
(4)一些表示其他实物的名词也可用做动词。
This helped to bridge over our difficulties. (度过)
For six days and nights they battled to save his life.(苦战)
(5)一些抽象名词等也可以用做动词。
Through my childhood, I had hungered for education.(盼望)
Over 1000 students stormed into the building .(冲进)
3. 有不少形容词也可以用做动词。
(1)The train slowed down to half its speed.(减慢)
(2)This is the chief way of narrowing the differences between them.(缩小)
(3)Please warm up the dish over the stove.(热一下)
(4)The room gradually quieted down.(安静下来)
(5)Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.(纠正)
(6)Nothing dries sooner than a tear.(干)
)
(8)They braved the bitter cold to complete the railway.(不顾)
(9)Most of these rivers empty into the Pacific Ocean.(流入)
(10)Don't dirty your clothes. (弄脏)
(11)He felt himself wronged.(受了委屈)
(12)The newspaper had been yellowed by sunlight. (使变黄)
(13)He lowered his voice. (降低)
4. 有不少形容词可用做名词。
(1)Nobles constituted seven per cent of the population. (贵族)
(2)When is your French oral? (口语课)
(3)Their jobless total (总数) reached a record high (高峰) since 1940.
(4)There is only one black in my class. (黑人)
(5)She is investigating the ancients’ conception of the universe. (古人)
(6)He is a natural ont-family:微软雅黑;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;">
(7)It is necessary to make a distinction between right and wrong. (是与非)
(8)They are running in the final . (决赛)
(9)Our six- year-old is at school. (六岁的孩子)
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