托福阅读真题（社科类）

社科类文章在我们整体的中还是占比较大的。大家在平时的中一定更要注意对文章整体的框架进行分析和总结。了解句子间的关系很重要。就拿下面这篇文章为例，我们一起进行分析。

Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of

social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China."

我们先看一下第一段，注意最基本的表达点就是分数的表达。 1 person in 20 就是我们所说的 二十分之一。有时候我们还会用到 1 out of twenty, 或者one twentieth。接下来我们分析一下这段的整体结构，分析段落结构的目的就是为了更好的去处理修辞目的题、以及句子插入题等。

第一句说虽然在殖民时期有二十分之一的人居住在城市，城市对于北美发展还是有不成比例的影响。

It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools.接下来这句 就是典型的长难句

与当代资本主义相关的元素在城市中第一次出现-金钱和商业券取代了物物交换、社会阶层与等级间的公开竞争以及社会混乱的上升。使用煤炭以及水力的工厂的出现取代了独立的用手工工工具工作的匠人。

Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores.除了波士顿，其人口在1760年稳定在16000，城市在18世纪间快速跳跃。在1775独立战争爆发前十五年，有200000移民到达了北美海岸。

对于句子结构的分析，有助于大家用更短的时间内理解句子，在当中，也会给大家节省不少的时间。如果同学们在部分还是比较薄弱，可以考虑上班课，尤其是时间比较紧的同学，上也不失为一种好的学习方式。如果大家还有任何问题，请

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