今天到了小新的开课时间，下面为大家详细讲解语法中的非谓语动词，请注意听讲！
非谓语动词的使用
1. 动词不定式：to do
(1)作主语
l) To know something about English is onething, to know English is quiteanother.
2) To solve a dispute means to turnopposing positions into a single outcome.
注：也可以用形式主语It 代替
It is one thing to know something about English andquite another to know English.
常用的模式：
for sb to do sth.(adj.对事用for)
It is+ adj. +
of sb to do sth.(adj.对人用of)
l ) It is necessary for us to realize the importance of ourenvironment.
2) It is very considerate of you to give me a lift.
这类常见的形容词有: silly, stupid, wise, clever,considerate, thoughtful, kind, nice, polite, impolite, rude, honest, etc.
注意： 在It is adj + ofsb to do sth.的结构中，由于形容词是形容逻辑主语sb的，所以我们可以把它同义改为sb. is+to do sth; 而在 it is adj. + for sb to do sth 的结构中，由于形容词不是修饰sb而是修饰不定式to do，所以它不能改为 sb. is+ adj +to do sth。例如:.
l ) We arevery necessary to realize the importance of our environment.(wrong)
2) Youare very considerate to drive me home. (correct)
(2)作表语
1) Ourgoal is to create high quality routes for cyclists and walkers.
2) The bestway to solve the air pollution generated/made/produced on both the streets andhighways is to encourage public transportation.
(3)作定语
1) My best friend Jacky is a very interesting girl who always has alot of funny stories to tell.
2) We should save water for the generations to come.
3) Thisprocess resulted in performance measures that greatly enhanced SAH's ability to improve productivity and quality.
4) Childrenbrought up in a big family can have more opportunities to acquire knowledge and other useful experiences from differentmembers of the family.
(4)作状语
1) Man makesconstant discoveries about the secrets of the universe only to find out how little we still know about it.
2) I am very glad to hearfrom you so soon.
此外, so as to, in order to, too…to…,enough…to…, so…as to…等一些常用的句型中的不定式都是用来作状语的。
1) Opposingpositions must be turned into a single outcome so as to/in order to solve a dispute.
2) Sometimes words may be toolimited to express our ideas clearlyand adequately.
3) Inour period of “knowledge explosion”, a man’s rang of knowledge will never be wideenough to cover every field ofresearch and study.
4) Would you be so kind as to send me a copy of the prospectusof 2003 academic year.
(5) 不定式的各种形式
1)一般式：to do
① I am very glad to hearfrom you.
② They were invited to visitthe U.K. next year.
③ The local authorities are planning to install noise barriers near railways.
④ This island is being built never to be sunk.
2)否定式：not to do
① Auto use in cities should be further limited in order not to make the problem of airpollution more serious.
② We had better not spend too much on computers.
3)完成时: to havedone
① I am sorry to have givenyou so much trouble.
② Advertisements seem to haveinfluenced the daily life of everyone.
③ The Internet is believed tohave reshaped our life.
4)进行时: to bedoing
① According to some scientists, we do not need to be worrying about the possibility of using up our energy.
② The research group is supposed tobe working on another solution to the problem of noise near airports.
5)被动式: to bedone/ to have been done
① These factors ought to betaken into consideration.
② Pandas are said to have beenrestricted to several small andseparate areas by deforestation.
2.过去分词
(1)作表语
① Our city is becomingincreasingly crowded due to theexpanding population and the sharp rise in the number of private cars.
由于不断增长的人口和私家车数量的剧增，我们的城市变得愈来愈拥挤。
② Our natural energy will soon beexhausted if we pay no attention to the conservation of it.
如果不重视自然资源的保护，它将很快被耗尽。
③ Many career women are worn outafter a day's toil.
经过一天辛苦的工作，许多职业妇女感到筋疲力尽。
④ Some strict teachers arefrustrated at the low scores given by some disrespectful students inrevenge.
有些无礼的学生为了报复老师，给老师打低分，一些严格的老师因此而倍感挫折。
(2)作定语(一个或几个独立的过去分词和汉语一样可以放在被修饰词的前面作定语，但过去分词词组则要放在被修饰词的后面作定语)
① I request you to replace the brokenwalkman with a new one.
我要求你给我把这部坏的随身听换掉。
② Many retired people canstill contribute a1ot to the society with their rich experience.
许多退休老人还能用他们丰富的经验为社会作贡献。
③ We shall bring into full play the talents of the returned students.
我们应该充分发挥归国留学生的才干。
④ Many pedestrians are penalized according to the newly issued regulations.
依据新颁布的规定，许多行人被处罚。
⑤ The PC games designed byJames are really terrific.
詹姆士设计的PC游戏真是太棒了。
⑥ I am now writing to draw the attention of the deparment concerned to the deteriorating waterquality of the Pear River.
我现写信希望引起有关部门对日益恶化的珠江水质的重视。
(3)作状语
1)If asked to make a choice, I would not hesitate to side with the latter view for
several strong reasons.
如果要我选择的话，我将基于以下几点理由毫不犹豫地选择后者的观点。
2)Left alone at home，the old people are more likely to get into trouble。
如果单独在家，老人容易遇到麻烦。
3)Written in a haste，the book has many faults.
写得很匆忙，这本书有许多错误。
4)Kept inZoos，some rare animals can enjoy better living conditions and professionalcare.
饲养在动物园，稀有动物可以享受到更好的居住环境和专业的照料。
5)Sent to study overseas，some students are reposed to fail to adapt to the local life and
even commit suicide.
据报道，有些学生送出国外去学习之后，不能适应当地的生活甚至自杀。
6)Deeply influenced by theexcessive violence and pornography on the Internet，some teenagers err from the right path.
由于受网络上的过度色情与暴力深深影响，有些青少年误人歧途。
(4)作补语
1)We often find ourselves caughtin a dilemma whether we should send our children to a boarding or a day school.
我们经常进退两难：·是送我们的孩子去寄宿学校还是走读学校?
2)We found He Guohuang greatly changed.
我们发现何国煌改变了许多。
3)Television not only presents a vivid world to us，but also keeps us informedof the latest development of all fields.
电视不仅给我们呈现了逼真的世界，同时使我们了解各个领域的最新发展。
4)We should have the waste properly disposed of.我们要妥善处理垃圾。
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