托福阅读地质类话题讲解

2019-06-03

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导语：

本期为同学们分享的是托福阅读当中的地址类文章讲解。

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地质类文章在当中可以说是非常常见了，地质类文章当中的专业词汇比较多，这可能成为同学们理解托福阅读文章的拦路虎，本期新通教育阅读老师孙茜为同学们分享的就是托福阅读文章结构逻辑及一些高频词汇，相信能给同学们的托福学习带来帮助。

地质类文章在阅读里很常见，我们阅读地质类文章在掌握一定词汇的基础下需要对文章的结构和展开的逻辑有一定把握，这样才能做题的时候做到心中有数。今天我们就TPO21的Lake Water为例，讲解推断题的做法。

The questions become more complicated when actual volumes of water are considered: how much water enters and leaves by each route? Discovering the inputs and outputs of rivers is a matter of measuring the discharges of every inflowing and outflowing stream and river. Then exchanges with the atmosphere are calculated by finding the difference between the gains from rain, as measured (rather roughly) by rain gauges, and the losses by evaporation, measured with models that correct for the other sources of water loss. For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect. Changes in lake level not explained by river flows plus exchanges with the atmosphere must be due to the net difference between what seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater. Note the word "net": measuring the actual amounts of groundwater seepage into the lake and out of the lake is a much more complicated matter than merely inferring their difference.

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Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the movement of water into a lake?

A. Heavy rain accounts for most of the water that enters into lakes.

B. Rainfall replaces approximately the amount of water lost through evaporation.

C. Overland flow into lakes is reduced by the presence of forests.

D. Seepage has a smaller effect on water level than any other input.

第一句话the questions指代第一段中水流进和流出的方式，而actual volume是之前未提及的内容，而more表递进，因此我们可知该段提出了新的前提，即流量，即更复杂的是得出几种途径中水的实际流量是多少。接着下一句measuring the discharges和actual volume进行同义替换，而inflowing and outflowing stream and river即为其中一个路径。接着exchanges with the atmosphere为第二个路径，而find the difference找到差异对应measuring the discharges，紧接着，input from overland flow对应第三个路径，但是too small因此并不计算其差异，注意这段在讲的时候出现了一个之前未提及的新词forest，可以划上记号。最后changes in a lake level依然对应差异，而seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater对应第四个路径。该段以总分结构详细阐述了四种路径的实际水量。因此答案推断题的答案也该围绕着四个途径的水量而讲。我们看A，大雨占了进入湖的大部分水。Heavy rain属于与大气的交换，文章只是四种途径的测量，并没有比较，不选。B，降雨替代了通过蒸发所丧失的水量，文章并没有讲每种方式流入流出之间具体关系。C，森林的存在减少了overland flow，文章第三个途径确实讲overland flow，也确实有提到森林，我们回看。For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect。文章说对于大多数湖，尤其被森林包围的，overland flow太小去影响，因此对的。D说渗入是影响最小的，与之前所提overland flow too small to have an effect 相悖，应该选C。

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