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在托福阅读中，细节题是一种高频错题。原因就在于它整体的阅读要求比较高，如果要保证准确率，整段看完是最保险的。通过大量的练习，同学们一开始就要养成去总结题目的好习惯，把控陷阱的出题套路。慢慢由被动为主动。
我们还是用托福的相应题目来进行讲解与训练。
例题：
The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.TPO18(1)
7. According to paragraph 5, each of the following contributed positively to the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia EXCEPT
○generally liberal trade policies
○huge projects undertaken by the state
○relatively uncorrupt governments
○relatively little social or political disruption
题目问的是： 根据第5段，下列各点都对荷兰和斯堪的那维亚的工业化作出了积极贡献除了? 这是一道典型的除非题，在阅读文章的时候一定要把控它的否定性逻辑词，因为像without，little，few, absence of , refuse等都是常用的表示否定的词汇或者词组。
我们来看原文。
前面交代了这些国家的政治环境。The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. 这四个国家的政治体制对工业化或经济增长没有构成重大障碍。对这些国家来说，19世纪相对和平地过去了，所有这些国家都在逐步民主化。所以通过这句话我们可以排除D选项：几乎没有社会和政治的干扰。They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines.他们管理得相当好，没有引人注目的腐败或宏伟的国家项目，尽管在所有这些项目中，政府都为铁路提供了一些援助，而且在瑞典，国家修建了主要线路。在这里我们见到了常用的without，也就是国家没有大型项目，而B选项说由国家执行的大型项目，所以答案直接就是B 。有的同学说其他选项暂时还没有读，会不会冒险。在时间紧张的情况下，我们只要已经看到完全相反的表达，是可以选的。但就整体文章理解而言，最好都要看完。As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.作为依赖外国市场的小国，它们基本上遵循自由贸易政策，尽管保护主义运动在瑞典发展起来。丹麦和瑞典的农业改革从18世纪晚期到19世纪上半叶逐步展开，产生了具有明确市场导向的新型农民地主阶层。
在后面的段落中我们看到了A选项的相关信息，就是关于贸易的部分。
所以大家做题一定要在做完后总结错点。
相关词汇：
Democratization ：民主化 democratic adj.
Corruption : n. 贪污，腐败;堕落
Grandiose :adj. 宏伟的;堂皇的;浮夸的;宏大的
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