四级阅读的仔细阅读部分在四级阅读中分数占比最高，也是较难，同学们容易失分的部分。不过从本质上来说，四级仔细阅读考察的是同学们定位能力和定位到后理解长难句，识别同义替换的能力。今天我们以2017年12月的一篇四级阅读真题为例进行讲解，期望能帮助大家在做题的时候快速定位，理解长难句，找到正确答案，从而取得好成绩。
例子：
46.What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?
A. They have more slums than other cities in the world.
B. They are growing fast without becoming richer.
C. They are as modernized as many cities elsewhere.
D. They attract migrants who want to be better off.
我们首先看第一道题，题目中出现地点名词sub-Saharan Africa，大写的专有名词很好定位，我们定位到原文Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have.我们看这句话yet表转折，前面说说从现在到2050年之间，population人口三倍了，后面讲非洲的城市并没有变更有钱，对应选项B，发展很快但是没有变富有，题干中growing fast即对应原文的population triple。
48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?
A. It lacks adequate transport facilities.
B. The living expenses there are too high.
C. It is on the whole too densely populated.
D. The local governments are corrupted.
该句题干问的是为何非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南的地区对投资者没有吸引力，我们拿investor进行定位，定到了Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.即交通堵塞导致了花费和不可预见性，花费和不可预见性即使投资者离开的事情。这句话中thing单独的名词做同位语，解释说明expense and unpredictability，而后的that为定语修饰things。读懂了这句话之后答案也就显而易见，选择A。transport facilities即交通设施，而缺乏足够的交通设施，对应题干的traffic jam，两者互为同义替换。
49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?
A. They have attracted huge numbers of farm laborers.
B. They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.
C. They have developed at the expense of nature.
D. They depend far more on foreign investment.
选择题当然要读懂题干，该题问的是撒哈拉沙漠和别的地方的不同，我们根据顺序性原则，往下读，定到了But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources.即沙哈拉的城市不同，他们太多的依靠消耗自然资源来建立，对应C选项，以自然为代价来发展。consuming natural resources即为at the expense of nature的同义替换。
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