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托福阅读中的精读示范

2020-04-24

栏目:考培资讯

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导语:

本期为同学们分享如何精读雅思阅读文章。

 在托福阅读的学习中,除了做题之外,更多的是把文章读透,里面的词,短语, 包括句间关系,段落分层,都要非常的清晰,这样一篇文章才算真正的吃透。这就是我们所谓的精读 intensive Reading。这样做的好处是我们的基本功才会非常扎实。今天我们就其中的一段来说明一下。

The Origins of Theater

In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.

精读: Seek 寻找,寻求,一般在阅读中的同义替换有 search,look for, forage, scout这些都是必备的词汇。Speculate 猜想,猜测 通常跟我们的assume 同替,这里的主语应该是 one 指代一个人。 这样的用法我们经常见到,比如用many some代替People。concrete 具体的,specific detailed 等。在后面都不同程度的使用了非谓语做后置定语的用法 比如 perceived by these anthropologists做了the process 的修饰。

托福阅读

Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. 在这个句子中,having 是现在分词做原因状语,大家面临这样的动词ing开头,但是又没做主语的情况下,建议在理解时候一定要结合语境。 Perceiving ...后面这句话同样用了做状语的用法。

参考翻译: 由于几乎没有具体材料可供研究,探寻戏剧的起源只能凭推测。19世纪末20世纪初,为人类学家们所拥护的一种理论得到了世人的广泛认同;这种观点认为戏剧起源于神话和宗教仪式。这些人类学家们推论过程可简要概括如下:在社会发展早期,人们相信有股力量可以影响甚至操控他们的食物供应和幸福生活。在对自然原因并不十分了解的情况下,他们把希望或不希望发生的事情都归咎于超自然的或魔幻的力量,并且试图寻找各种途径赢得这些力量的厚爱。当他们意识到自己的某些行为和期许的结果之间存在明显的联系以后,人们便开始重复并且完善这些行为,最终形成固定的典礼或宗教仪式。

托福阅读课程

Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.

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