托福听力TPO14L1解析

 这篇文章为心理学文章，首先我们可以熟悉一下心理学文章的背景。

这类文章通常是通过实验来验证某个假猜，某个理论。目前心理学的实验目前只针对人或动物，通常讨论人或动物是否具有某个心理过程，可能会设置一些实验来会设定一些情境来进行记录。

文章可能会涉及到以下这些话题

1cognition：研究动物或人的认知

文章先会提出一种现象，然后分析这种现象产生的原因。一般情况下通过举例子等方法进行分析

2感觉：日常生活中的视觉，听觉，味觉及对于数字，颜色等的辨识能力

3 Behavior psychology-行为心理学：以客观的方法研究人类的行为，从而预测或者控制有机体的行为。行为的本质是人和动物对外界环境的适应。

在听力中我们需要注意为了验证主题的真实性，科学家们会用动物或者人进行实验，最重要的是听懂每个实验的结论

现在我们来看题

1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The differences between imagination and perception

B. Cognitive functions that improve decision making

C. Cognitive functions that assist in problem solving

D. Common limitations with regard to several cognitive functions

原文部分：And then there are memory and imagination, which relate to the knowledge of things that happened in the past or may happen in the future. So, perceiving, remembering, imagining are all internal mental processes that lead to knowing or believing. Yet each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken beliefs or make false predictions.

分析：教授先提及了之前学习的术语，我们的重点在这次的课堂的内容，老师之后说到了memory and imagination，并总结到each of these processes has limitations，之后全文都在介绍这方面的内容。和我们D选项的关键词一致。

答案：D

2.Why does the professor mention a study with a word list?

A. To illustrate a type of mistake that people make when recalling details

B. To offer an example of a well-designed study in cognitive psychology

C. To demonstrate the limited effect imagination has on memory

D. To prove that imagination leads to poor decision making

原文部分：Take memory, for example. Maybe you've heard of studies in which people hear a list of related words—um, let's say a list of different kinds of fruit. After hearing this list, they're presented with several additional words. In this case, we'll say the additional words were “blanket” and “cherry,” Neither of these words was on the original list. And while people will claim correctly that “blanket” was not on the original list, they'll also claim, incorrectly, that the word “cherry” was on the list.

Most people are convinced they heard the word “cherry” on the original list. Why do they make such a simple mistake? Well, we think because the words on the list were so closely related, the brain stored only the gist of what it heard, for example, that all the items on the list were types of fruit. When we tap our memory, our brains often fill in details, and quite often these details are actually false.

分析：听例子一定要注意例子说明了什么道理，这部分例证了老师之前说的人们可能会作出错误的判断，和选项A的关键词相关

答案：A

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