针对中国学生如何处理长篇文章，下面我们用SAT OG392页第一套题中讲“美国黑人与非洲黑人关系”的一篇文章来探讨SAT长篇文章在实战中的操作：
（一）细读文章上方斜体字。斜体字有时候会给予我们非常重要的信息，让我们知道文章的背景，以及写作对象。我们来看看这篇文章的斜体字：
The following passage is adapted from a 1999 memoir. The author, the son of a Black American woman and a Congolese man, has lived in both the United States and Africa: he was raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Here, he offers his views on the historical relationship between Black Americans and Black Africans.
从上面的文字里，我们知道，这是一篇回忆录，作者是美国黑人与刚果人的后裔，居住在美国。写作对象是美国黑人与非洲黑人关系。知道这些信息，我们读起来心里就有个谱了，一般描述黑人的文章，都会说黑人好的一面。
不过要注意的是：有些文章的斜体字信息则相对来说很简洁，一句话带过，从中得不到有效信息（例如OG404页斜体字：This passage is adapted from a book published in 1994）。
（二）细读第一段。第一段往往作者会给出很多信息，而且会把主要的观点摆出来。我们在读的时候，需要找出作者的观点态度，并对其标注、划线，方便我们清晰的去分析下面的段落。同时，分析此段的段意，结构，然后做属于第一段的题目，涉及全篇的题以及不确定的题可以圈起来，等做完后面的题后，再回过头来做。
例如：A Kikongo proverb states, "A tree cannot stand without its roots." It seems such obvious wisdom now, a well-worn cliche1 in our era in which everything truly insightful has already been said. But all cliches derive their endurance from their truth, and my ancestors who coined this adage were sending a clear and powerful message to their descendants: a people cannot flourish without their life-giving foundations in the past. The ties between those who came before and those who live now must be maintained and nurtured if a people is to survive. It's a truth that my grandmother understood when she made a point of directing me to "tell the others" about her. And it's a truth that has been well recognized by successive generations of Black people in America. Another Kikongo proverb reminds us that "one can only steal a sleeping baby: once awake, she will look for her parents." This is a maxim that conveys the seemingly instinctive pull of one's heritage, our inborn curiosity in our origins, the quest we all share for self-identification and self-knowledge.
分析：这一段里，作者讲述了“树无根而不立起”，虽然是陈词滥调，但却具有真实性。之后讲了“一个民族的兴衰必须有生命繁衍的基础”，“人会寻根”。这是该段的大体结构。这三个谚语充分表达了这者的观点与态度：根源的重要性。同时，这也是该篇文章的基调。得出这个信息后，我们就可以来看一下题目了：
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to
(A) show the impact Black Americans have had on African societies
(B) discuss Africans' efforts to embrace American culture
(C) point out the ambivalent feelings one community has for another
(D) emphasize the significance of an ongoing relationship ,.
(E) examine the cultural ties between two nations
这一题是主旨题，像这种题可以圈起来，跳过，最后做。
接着看下一题：
2. The "message" ( line 6) is best characterized as
(A)veiled criticism
(B)cautionary advice
(C)a questionable proposition
(D)a nostalgic recollection
(E)an optimistic prediction
这是道细节题，针对这种题，一定要找到相对应的句子再进行判断。特别是早期学习SAT的学生，一定要把你的选题依据划出来。回到原文中的But all cliches derive their endurance from their truth, and my ancestors who coined this adage were sending a clear and powerful message to their descendants: a people cannot flourish without their life-giving foundations in the past. 提出这一结论的祖先传达了一条清晰而有力的信息：一个种族没有过去生命给予的基础便不可能繁荣昌盛。所以，我们可以读出，是一种告诫，选B.
下一题：
3. The proverb "one can only steal a sleeping baby: once awake, she will look for her parents." in line 15-16 primarily serves to
(A)offer insight into young children's behavior
(B)emphasize the vulnerability of children
(C)show people's inherent interest in their history
(D)demonstrate the complexity of familial relations
(E)warn those who seek to undermine the family
这是一道目的题，一定要找出此句前后有无总结性的句子，如有，则与这些句子相关联起来（这种题我们有时候要联系该段主旨进行判断）。在此段里，此句前面没有总结性的句子，倒是后面一句给了一个解释，This is a maxim that conveys the seemingly instinctive pull of one's heritage, our inborn curiosity in our origins, the quest we all share for self-identification and self-knowledge. 这个名言传达了一个人传承的影响力，与人们对自己起源的内在好奇心。所以这句名言应该是用来说明这一点，所以选C。
（三）细读第二段，找出该段的段意，结构。一般而言，主旨句在第一句或第二句，所以第一句、第二句读得细一些（当然，这并不适用与所有文章，小说里面是按时间顺序进行的叙述）。然后做该段的题。
Black Americans have managed to sustain links with the continent of their origin, against tremendous odds. Through ingenuity and dogged determination, in calculated symbolism and unwitting remembrance, for over 300 years 25 Black Americans have kept various ties to Africa intact. The bond has frayed and stretched, it has become twisted and contorted, but through it all, it has not been broken. And for as long as Black people in America have reached back to Africa to offer and receive reassurance, reaffir-mation, fraternity, and strength, Africans have reached to Black people in the Americas, "those who were taken," for the same reasons.
主旨句为第一句：美国黑人克服重重困难，成功与其原生大陆保持联系。后面的内容具体描述这个过程具体是怎样的，读的时候可以快一些。了解这些后，开始做题。该段没有题，跳过。我们接着看第三段：
We have sought to understand each other ever since we were separated so long ago. For centuries, we have gazed at one another across the transatlantic divide like a child seeing itself in the mirror for the first time. And, unable for so long to reach behind the glass and touch the strangely familiar face we saw staring back, we filled in all that we did not know with all that we could imagine.
主旨句为第一句：自从分开后，我们一直寻求办法了解对方。后面的内容具体描述这个过程具体是怎样的。了解这些后，开始做题（略）。接着看第四段：
When we finally met, in Africa and America, we were sometimes disappointed. Shadowy imaginings do not usually hold up in the light of real experience. We wondered if we hadn't been mistaken, if the kinship we could feel more than describe was really there, if the roots that had once bound us together had not already withered and died. But time and again we were reminded of what we shared. Africa has left her mark on all of us. And when we have reached out to one another through literature, politics, music, and religion, whenever we've made contact, the world has been forced to take note.
主旨句为第一句与中间转折句的叠加：相遇了，变得失望；但后来还是为作为一个非洲后裔感到自豪。了解段意后，做题（略）。
（四）总结文章的结构，做全篇题，做圈起来的题。
结构：
1)根源很重要；
2)美国黑人克服重重困难，成功与其原生大陆保持联系；
3)自从分开后，我们一直寻求办法了解对方；
4)相遇了，变得失望；但后来还是为作为一个非洲后裔感到自豪。
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to
(A) show the impact Black Americans have had on African societies
(B) discuss Africans' efforts to embrace American culture
(C) point out the ambivalent feelings one community has for another
(D) emphasize the significance of an ongoing relationship ,.
(E) examine the cultural ties between two nations
在斜体字里我们已经知道，这一篇文章讲：美国黑人与非洲黑人关系。而且从段意中我们可以看出，一直在讲这种关系的发展，答案应选D。
到这里文章就做完了，以上便是我们在处理长篇时候的基本步骤。
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