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近来由于10月份这个特殊的月份(因美国大学递交申请的截止日期将至),很多考生都在摩拳擦掌精心准备托福考试,托福听力中的主旨题越发在练习中体现其重要性。
总所周知,托福听力中永远的第一题都是主旨题,译为 main gist 题。当然很多考生会将 main purpose 题当成另一种题目,之后的内容会具体说明之前的区别。
出题方面:
对于抓主旨的方法,很多学生会提出疑问:主旨题主要通过“today, I’m going to focus on/ continue with our discussion of…”来确定不就可以了,还需要什么其他的啊?
诚然,是一种很好的做题方法,但是,大家想一下,难道这是我们2013版本的引出主旨方式吗?答案是否定的。ETS考试中心的老师已经知道大部分培训中心都如此教授考生的,所以提出了新的一种方式:
结构大致如下:
首先快速介绍一个现象,其中参杂很多的专业术语和听不懂的单词,然后快速以疑问的方式或陈述句引出今天要讲的重点,很多考生吐槽抓不住啊。方法是基于考生们的基本功的,首先你要提高自己的词汇量,练习反应速度的。最佳材料莫过于SSS(科学六十秒)的文章练习自己的反应。
就以上的出题形式,精讲一下TPO27的coral reef
文稿如下:So we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs, which of course are prominent, oceanic features made of hard limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals. (介绍what is coral reef?)We've gone over where coral reefs are usually formed - along the edges of shallow ocean banks in tropical or subtropical regions, and the fact that they are declining at an alarming rate(现象). But(but引出今天要讨论的中心) I don't want to leave you with the impression that all is lost. There are several techniques being employed today that could prove useful in assuring the future of the reefs.
通过第一句话:我们知道今天要讲的与coral reef(珊瑚礁)有关,然后稍微用定语从句介绍了什么是coral reef,之后用the fact that 引出一个现象:珊瑚礁在大量地下降。后面的but引出讨论的中心:几种方法来改善珊瑚礁的数量(虽然原文是assure the future of reefs,直译为确保珊瑚礁的未来,但根据上下文来确定是解决珊瑚礁下降的问题)。
再如TPO25的conservation biology
One consequence of global warming is extinction. There's compelling evidence that global warming will be a significant driver of many plant and animal extinctions in this century. So we are considering various strategies to help some threatened species survive this unprecedented, this warming trend, which as you know, is caused mainly by greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Um... the most radical strategy being debated among conservation biologists is assisted migration.
本篇主旨的结构:
Global warming会引起动植物的灭绝---> 为了让物种生存---> assisted migration(协助迁徙),所以可以总结为:现象+分析原因/引出what measures can be taken to solve this problem?
做题方面:
首先其形式是:what is the lecture mainly about?
选项的结构就多变了很多,最常见的一种:抽象名词+从句
我们一定要关注抽象词的潜在的含义。下面给出几个最常见的抽象词:
1. differences:
folk tale vs. fairy tale-----(TPO6)
plot:
audience:
language:
民间故事和童话故事就情节、观众和语言三个不同方面进行比较,而且文章多出现however,on the other hand为主。
2. discuss=different views of one theory:
引入sculpture:copies-> ancient sculpture-----(TPO18)
Traditional view: Romans couldn’t make copies because they lacked creativity.
Gazda challenges it with a new explanation: Roman people admired ancient Greeks for their own sakes.
传统观点:罗马人做copies是因为他们缺乏创造力,但Gazda的看法是因为罗马人就是欣赏古希腊的雕塑,除此之外还提出政治功能。
3. Development/evolution:---> chronological order
200,000 years
More recently: 5,000 years ago
Modern era: 1956
按照时间顺序,对于不同观点不同时代的看法。
同从/宾从/定从一定要同义转换!
听力中关键词generalize理解
Industry/ agricultural activities/ commercial/ housing-> human activity/ development
Lechuguilla Cave-> an unusual cave
Concerns=worrying
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