【雅思真题词汇】 剑桥五《Nature or Nurture?》part1

剑桥五—TEST1—2
    Nature or Nurture?

1）tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader ’ in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform
    all walks of life：各行各业
    instruction：命令，指示
    distaste：不喜欢，厌恶

2）the experiment was in the noble cause of education
    noble：高尚的；高贵的；崇高的
    cause：理由；根据；动机

3）Milgram's experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches
    set-up：计划，安排
    panel：控制板，操纵盘
    switch：（电路的）开关

4）a shock was to be administered beginnin9 at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer
    administer：执行 , 实施 ,
    severity：严格 ; 严厉
    successive：连续的 , 相继的

5）The supposed 'pupil' was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writhings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter
    spectrum：辐度；范围
    groan：呻吟 , 抱怨
    scream：尖叫声
    writhing：扭动或翻滚
    assortment：分等 , 分配 , 类别 , 分类
    expletive：助词 , 虚字
    denounce：抨击 , 谴责

6）As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher
    unfold：展开
    deliberately：故意地，蓄意地

7）teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment
    cry for：哭着要 , 恳求
    mercy：慈悲 , 怜悯
    revulsion：厌恶 ; 憎恶
    psychiatris：t精神病学家

8）The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter
    overwhelming：压倒性的 , 无法抵抗的
    consensus：一致的意见；共识
    experimenter：实验者

9）they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts
    lunatic：精神错乱的 , 疯狂的
    fringe：（地方﹑群体或活动的）外围

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