托福写作素材利用教师讲解

托福写作素材一：Harnessing the power of your brain

解释：Harness 原始含意为马具，作动词意为治理、利用。

They say that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks, but when it comes to the brain, scientists have discovered that this old adage simply isn’t true. The human brain has an astonishing ability to adapt and change—even into old age. This ability is known as neuroplasticity. With the right stimulation, your brain can form new neural pathways, alter existing connections, and adapt and react in ever-changing ways.

解释：Astonishing ability to adapt 惊人的适应能力。

Neutral pathways 神经通路

托福名师讲解：这段文字说到变化，出现了change/alter/adapt的字样，句型也很多变。最后一句是并列句，总体很有节奏感。

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The brain’s incredible ability to reshape itself holds true when it comes to learning and memory. You can harness the natural power of neuroplasticity to increase your cognitive abilities, enhance your ability to learn new information, and improve your memory.

解释：Cognitive ability 认知能力，是托福等的重要考点词汇。

Improving memory tip 1: Don't skimp on exercise or sleep

Just as an athlete relies on sleep and a nutrition-packed diet to perform his or her best, your ability to remember increases when you nurture your brain with a good diet and other healthy habits.

解释：Skimp 克扣，少给，舍不得给

Nurture with 供给，滋养

When you exercise the body, you exercise the brain

Treating your body well can enhance your ability to process and recall information. Physical exercise increases oxygen to your brain and reduces the risk for disorders that lead to memory loss, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise may also enhance the effects of helpful brain chemicals and protect brain cells.

托福名师讲解：健康是重要的写作大类，这里的physical exercise, risk for disorders, diabetes (糖尿病)，cardiovascular （心脑血管疾病）可用于一系列作文口语是拿分词汇。

Improve your memory by sleeping on it

When you’re sleep deprived, your brain can’t operate at full capacity. Creativity, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking skills are compromised. Whether you’re studying, working, or trying to juggle life’s many demands, sleep deprivation is a recipe for disaster.

解释：Sleep deprived：睡眠剥夺的

At full capacity 全力思考

Compromise 损害 同义于undermine, endanger, sabotage, jeopardize

A recipe for 原始含意为菜谱，配方，这里指”注定会…”

But sleep is critical to learning and memory in an even more fundamental way. Research shows that sleep is necessary for memory consolidation, with the key memory-enhancing activity occurring during the deepest stages of sleep.

解释：Memory consolidation: 记忆的整合

托福名师讲解：With …. Occurring 是一个独立主格，这样一来文字显得简洁概括。

Improving memory tip 2: Make time for friends and fun

When you think of ways to improve memory, do you think of “serious” activities such as wrestling with the New York Times crossword puzzle or mastering chess strategy, or do more lighthearted pastimes—hanging out with friends or enjoying a funny movie—come to mind? If you’re like most of us, it’s probably the former. But countless studies show that a life that’s full of friends and fun comes with cognitive benefits.

解释：Wrestle with crossword puzzle：奋战填字游戏。多形象的用词啊。

Master strategy, lighthearted pastimes 掌握策略，轻松的休闲

Cognitive benefits 认知方面的好处

Healthy relationships: the ultimate memory booster?

Humans are highly social animals. We’re not meant to survive, let alone thrive, in isolation. Relationships stimulate our brains—in fact, interacting with others may be the best kind of brain exercise.

Let alone，更不用提。。。。。。

托福名师讲解：Social animal 与interacting with others 交替出现，彰显了表达之丰富

Research shows that having meaningful relationships and a strong support system are vital not only to emotional health, but also to brain health. In one recent study from the Harvard School of Public Health, for example, researchers found that people with the most active social lives had the slowest rate of memory decline.

托福名师讲解：这段的信号词特别明确，not only, but also; for example更容易让人解读内在的逻辑层次，是咱们口语与写作时形合的典范。

There are many ways to start taking advantage of the brain and memory-boosting benefits of socializing. Volunteer, join a club, make it a point to see friends more often, or reach out over the phone. And if a human isn’t handy, don’t overlook the value of a pet—especially the highly-social dog.

解释：Memory-boosting 增强记忆

Reach out 帮某人

Handy 容易找到，便利的

托福名师讲解：以上这簄文章，你不妨就几个关键的词，试着改写下，换词，但保有原来的句子结构，感觉一下那种“现学现卖”成就感吧！

关键词：素材 讲解