德语法语意大利语西班牙语欧洲语言考试
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, 简称CEFR，中文称“欧洲语言学习、教学、评估共同参考框架”, 或者"欧洲语言教学共同纲领"。
CEFR已被欧盟各国广泛的作为外语教学和评估的标准，旨在为欧洲语言教学的课程设计、大纲制订、语言测试和教材编纂提供一个共同的基础和参考。CEFR标准详细地描述了语言学习者进行有效交流时所必须掌握的技能和达到的标准。
CEFR的语言能力分级标准
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语言使用层次
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欧洲委员会
参照标准
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欧洲委员会参照标准（泛欧参照框架）
对以下语言能力的说明
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Basic User
初级使用者（A）
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入门级（A1）
Breakthrough or beginner
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· Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type.
· Can introduce themselves and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people they know and things they have.
· Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.
能够理解并使用大家熟知的日常用语和非常简单的句子。能够自我介绍，介绍他人，向他人询问个人情况并能回答这类问题。如果谈话伙伴说得缓慢，清楚而且愿意帮忙，能够进行简单交流。
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基础级（A2）
Waystage or elementary
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· Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment).
· Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters.
· Can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.
能够理解直接关及身边事物的句子和常用语（例如对人物或工作的说明）。能够在简单的日常情景中就大家熟悉的事物进行交流。能够使用简单的话描述自己的来历和学历，身边的环境以及与基本需要相关的事物。
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Independent User
独立使用者（B）
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进阶级（B1）
Threshold or intermediate
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· Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc.
· Can deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken.
· Can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.
· Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.
在使用清晰的标准语言以及涉及工作，学校，业余时间等方面的平常事物时，能够理解话中要点。能够应对旅游时在语言方面碰到的大多数情景。能够简单但连贯地表述平常话题和兴趣领域。
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高阶级（B2）
Vantage or upper intermediate
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· Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization.
· Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
· Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.
能够理解具体或抽象主题的复杂文章的主要内容；在自己精通的专业范围内能够理解专业性讨论。能自然流畅的交流，在与母语者正常交谈时双方都不会感到太吃力。能够在一个较宽泛的主题范围内清楚而详尽地表达自己的看法。
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Proficient User
熟练使用者（C）
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流利运用级（C1）
Effective operational proficiency or advanced
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· Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer clauses, and recognize implicit meaning.
· Can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions.
· Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.
· Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.
能够看懂难度较高，篇幅较长及内容广泛的文章，并能把握字里行间的内在含义。能够自如流畅地表达，而不必常常费力地寻找合适的词汇。能在社会交往，工作或接受培训和在大学求学时，有效并灵活地运用语言。能就复杂的事物清楚，有条理和详尽地表达自己的看法，同时能使用不同的表达，以进行上下文的衔接。
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精通级（C2）
Mastery or proficiency
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· Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read.
· Can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation.
· Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in the most complex situations.
能毫不费力地理解几乎所有听到和看到的内容，能够汇总不同的书面和口头信息，并能逻辑地概括其原因或作出解释。能够十分流畅和准确地表达自己的看法，同时能使用不同的表达，以进行上下文的衔接。
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