名校淘汰率UBC高效学习
从高中几十人的小课堂到大学第一年上百人的大讲座，不乏会让学生缺乏存在感;在高中有老师手把手辅导，到了大学你能学到什么知识很大程度上取决你自己，尤其是考试来临的时候。
这样的转变对于任何新入大学的新生来说，都意味着种种挑战。
作为过来人的UBC大五学生曾经也经历过同样的挑战!
I came to UBC way overconfident in my study skills. I had always been a pretty good student, so I wasn’t concerned about how I would do in my university classes.
在进入UBC大学之前，我对自己的学习方法是特别自信的。高中期间，我一直是个好学生，那时也从来没有担心过到了大学要如何学习。
My confidence came crashing down when I received my first less-than-stellar midterm grade. I didn’t understand what happened. How was this possible? Why didn’t my usual study methods work for me?
大一第一学期期中考后，当我拿到成绩单，我蒙圈了。成绩怎么这么低，是不是搞错了? 为什么让我高中成绩优异的学习方法突然不管用了?
The work you do in university is complex and requires more critical thinking. It’s no longer enough to simply memorize the textbook.
大学的学习难度相对复杂，而且要求学生更具备批判性思维。不再是像高中那样光靠记忆书本的内容就能考出好成绩了。
So, here I am, 4 years down the line, and I like to think I’ve learned a thing or two about studying. Every semester, I learn something new about what it takes to succeed here, and what doesn’t work.
我在UBC大学学习了四年，每学期我都会总结一些帮助我获得好成绩的学习方法，和要改进的地方。经过4年的学习，我在总结了5大常见的学习错误和解决的方法，在此与大家分享：
1.The Marothon马拉松式拖延症
You find a desk in Irving and refuse to move ever again. You don’t even think about taking a break—that would be a waste of time. Don’t you know this assignment is due in 16 hours?
到作业截止前一天再着手开始写。就算在图书馆里一直学习不休息，也很难达到真正的学习效果。
解决方法：
Whether you’re doing this because you think it’s efficient or because you left everything until the last minute, you’re not going to learn much. Our brains need rest time to process information.
无论是因为你一贯的学习方法就是要拖到截止日期前开始学习，还是因为你觉得短时间的学习更有效率，我觉得为了赶截止日期而拼命地学习并不能让我们真正学到知识。我们的大脑需要有一定的休息时间去处理所吸收的信息。
Planning ahead is the key here. Instead of focusing only on your deadlines, work backwards and figure out when you need to start working on a project. Take into account how long each part of the work will take you. You’ll feel less overwhelmed and more able to actually learn the material, as opposed to just cramming.
合理规划，计划在前非常重要。在完成一个作业项目之前，明确截止日期，分配好完成每项任务所需的时间。这样，你才不会被繁重的作业/考试压垮，而且可以避免为了赶截止日而敷衍了事。
If you’re really in a pinch (hey, it happens to everyone), try out the pomodoro method: 25 minutes on, 5 minutes off, with a longer break every 4 circuits. It holds off exhaustion and keeps you feeling refreshed over long periods of heavy work!
如果你并不擅长做时间规划，不妨试试“番茄工作法”-学习25分钟，休息5分钟，每四个番茄钟后可以延长休息的时间。这个方法，可以让你避免过度疲劳，而且在面对繁重的作业时，保持精力充沛。
2.The Full-Page Highlight 没有学习重点
You try to study by reading the textbook, but somehow end up highlighting everything and remembering nothing.
一边看书一边划重点，结果却满页都是划出来的重点，却什么也没记住。
解决方法:
Turns out, passively re-reading a textbook is pretty useless. Just because you’re holding a highlighter doesn’t mean you’re actually engaging with the material.
满页都划重点是一种低效的被动阅读。
Learn how to read actively by taking notes as you read, which will force you to decide what parts of the reading are worth remembering. Come up with practice questions or make flashcards. The more of the 5 senses you use in your studying, the more likely you are to remember the information.
学会一边积极阅读，一边做笔记，这种发放会迫使你在阅读的过程中了解哪些是需要重点记忆的内容。你可以通过练习提问的方式或是制作抽认卡的方法来完成这样的阅读。越是能在学习的过程中动用五官，越是能记牢所学的内容。
If your exam includes an essay portion, think about what kinds of themes your professor might ask about and make some possible outlines. Even if your practice questions don’t actually show up on the exam, you’ll be in the right headspace!
如果考试的内容还包含写作，可以试着猜猜看教授会出什么题目，由此写出一个大纲。即便没有猜中考试题目，这样的复习方法对你的备考也是有帮助的。
3.The Multitasking身兼多项任务
You try to do work for all of your classes at the same time by constantly switching back and forth between projects. This one is particularly common during finals.
在期末考试期间，学生需要同时在很多不同的科目之间交叉复习是很常见的事情。
解决方法:
People are actually really bad at multitasking. While we think we’re focusing on 2 things at once, we’re actually switching between 2 tasks very rapidly, meaning that our brains never have time to fully adjust to working on either one.
大多数人并不擅长同时处理多项任务。 当你决定要同时处理两件事情时，我们常常 会在两个任务之间快速地转换，意味着我们的大脑并没有充分的时间有效地处理其中任何一个件事。
Unfortunately, the only way around this one is to plan ahead (weird how that keeps cropping up). Make a study schedule ahead of time and figure out which days you’ll devote to which subjects. You’ll be able to process the material more efficiently than you would if your attention was split between tasks, and ultimately you’ll have more confidence in what you’ve learned.
但面对这样的情况，唯一的解决办法是要提前做好学习计划表，规定好具体科目的学习时间。当你把注意力独立分配到不同的任务时，你将更有效地处理所学的信息，也会对所学的知识更有自信。
4.The Media Frenzy被电子设备绑架
You study while talking to your friends, checking 10 different social media tabs, and listening to loud music (or worse, watching Netflix), and looking at your phone every 5 seconds as it buzzes away on your desk.
一边学习一边和朋友聊天，一会儿又去刷手机看不同的社交APP，一会儿又把音乐放的很大声，每五秒钟一响的手机又让你分心。
解决方法：
SHUT. IT. DOWN. It’s easy enough to get distracted without creating more disturbances for yourself. Turn off your phone, don’t use the internet unless absolutely necessary (if it is, use StayFocusd or Freedom to stay on task), and minimize background noise. Low volume coffee shop buzz and instrumental (preferably classical) music are fine, but stay away from loud conversation or heavy rhythmic tunes. I like to study while listening to film scores (nothing makes you feel productive like finishing an essay to the Indiana Jones theme).
关机! 关机! 关机! 如果没给自己创造一个没有干扰的环境，很难避免在学习的时候不分心。手机关机，不必要的时候尽量断网，选择在安静的环境中学习。
5.The Solo Mission只顾自己学习
You only ever study in solitude and refuse to ask anyone else for help.
只顾自己学习，且拒绝别人的帮助。
解决方法：
Studying on your own is fine (even preferable), but having other people around to bounce ideas off of can be insanely helpful. Make a friend in class (they don’t have to be your soulmate) so you can share notes and ask questions if you need to.
能独立学习是件好事，但要是能从身边的朋友那里获得更好的 学习建议或帮助相信有事半功倍的效果。不妨在课堂上多认识有些新朋友，相互之间可以分享笔记和给予学习上的帮助。
Convince a friend or family member to let you “teach” them the material—the gaps in your understanding will become more obvious when you try to explain a topic to an uninformed party. Most importantly, take advantage of your professors and attend office hours or shoot them an email if you’re confused about something. You won’t regret it.
当你把所学的知识点再去教别人一遍的时候，能帮助你更好的掌握所学的内容。更重要的是，学习上一旦遇到疑问，要多利用办公室开放时间与教授沟通或是给教授们发邮件，这对你来说百益而无一害。
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