为什么英国首相往往出自牛津的这个专业

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  留学费用

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 　　英国首相候选人淘汰赛已经决出最 后两强，就等二选一啦!

　　小编对最 后谁当选的兴趣并不是太大，不过有件事倒是引起了小编的注意：候选人RishiSunak和Liz Truss其实是牛津的校友，而且学的是同一个专业PPE。

　　PPE哲学、政治和经济学，是名副其实的跨学科专业。英国的LSE、UCL、KCL、杜伦大学、曼彻斯特大学、兰卡斯特大学等院校也开设PPE，当然牛津作为该专业的“创始者”，依然是表现最抢眼的一个。

　　PPE诞生于这样一种信念，即研究经济、社会、政治和哲学思想的伟大现代作品将对学生的智力生活产生变革性影响，从而对整个社会产生变革性影响。

　　这就能解释为什么英国政界有相当数量的政客出身PPE。而在从政之外，学生也会进入金融、法律、传媒、社工、咨询等领域，比如《经济学人》、《金融时报》的杂志社也聚集了一大批牛津PPE。

　　好了，这个神奇专业已经扒得差不多了。相信此时，一些同学已经在好奇PPE的学生具体在学什么了。

　　小编从网上找来了牛津PPE的readinglist，来一起看看英国首相们都读过什么书吧!

　　哲学

　　逻辑学：

　　V. Halbach, The Logic Manual (Oxford University Press)

　　W. Hodges, Logic (Penguin)

　　D. Dennett, Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking (Penguin)

　　Douglas Hofstadter, Gödel, Escher, Bach (Penguin)

　　一般哲学：

　　J. Nagel, Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press)

　　E, Conee and T. Sider, Riddles of Existence: a guided tour of Metaphysics (Oxford University Press)

　　R. Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy

　　D. Hume, An Enquiry Converning Human Understanding

　　B. Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (Oxford University Press)

　　道德哲学：

　　J. S. Mill, Utilitarianism (ed. R.Crisp, Oxford University Press

　　H. West, An Introduction to Mill's Utilitarian Ethics (Cambridge University Press)

　　J. Driver, Ethics: The Fundamentals (Wiley-Blackwell)

　　B. Williams, Morality (Penguin)

　　哲学论文撰写：

　　C. Benn, C. Cameron, A. Cawston and S.Siriwardena, Tackling the Philosophy Essay

　　P. Lipton, Writing Philosophy

　　J. Pryor, Guidelines on Writing a Philosophy Paper

　　政治学

　　必读：

　　Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. 2nd ed. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2012.

　　Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. London: Profile, 2012.

　　Sartori, Giovanni. Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.

　　Tsebelis, George. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002,chapters 1–4.

　　政治理论入门：

　　Jonathan Wolff, An Introduction to Political Philosophy (3rd ed, 2015)

　　Adam Swift, Political Philosophy: ABeginners' Guide for Students and Politicians (3rd ed, 2013)

　　历史经典：

　　Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto

　　John Stuart Mill, On Liberty

　　Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

　　John Locke, Second Treatise of Government

　　经济学

　　大一用书：

　　J.M. Perloff, Microeconomics (which requires some knowledge of calculus)

　　R. Frank and E. Cartwright, Microeconomics and Behaviour

　　C.I. Jones, Macroeconomics

　　数学用书：

　　Timbrell, M., Mathematics for Economists

　　Kennedy, G., Mathematics for Innumerate Economists

　　Anthony, M., and Biggs, N., Mathematicsfor Economics and Finance

　　Black, J., and Bradley, Essential Mathematics for Economists

　　Holden, K., and Pearson, A.W., Introductory Mathematics for Economists

　　Dowling, E., Mathematical Methods for Business and Economics, from the Schaum's Outlines series. (Students with no background in Mathematics have found this book particularly useful).

　　Chiang, A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics (starts at a similar level to the other texts onthis list. but takes many ideas a bit further)

　　推荐：

　　Alan Blinder, After the Music Stopped

　　Paul Krugman, The return of Depression Economics

　　James Forder, A beginner's guide toeconomics

　　William Easterly, The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good

　　Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It

　　Jeffrey Sachs, The End of Poverty

　　Roger Backhouse & Steven Medema, Retrospectives: On the Definition of Economics’

　　牛津PPE的录取率大概在11%左右，从往年的报道来看，中国大陆地区每年都能录取大概1、2个学生，竞争还是很激烈的。

　　该专业A-Level最 低要求AAA，建议学习数学和历史，学有余力的同学也可以从reading list上下手准备。